Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kukhulu kakhulu, futhi ukuthuthuka okuphelele komnotho wezwe kuzoshayela ngokuqondile ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha we-cellulose ether. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kweCellulose Ether eChina ikakhulukazi kugxile ezimbonini ezinjengezinto zokwakha, ukumba uwoyela kanye nomuthi. Ngohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokukhuthaza i-cellulose ether kwezinye izinkambu, isidingo se-cellulose ether ezimbonini ezansi futhi zizokhula ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwezwe okwandayo kwempahla ekwakhiweni kwempahla elungiselelwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhamizi ezweni lonke, kanye nokwanda kwabahlali, bonke bathola umthelela omuhle ku-cellulose ether ngokwakha izinto zokwakha, izimboni zokushayela kawoyela kanye nemithi yezemithi. Ukukhula kwezimboni kukhiqiza ukudonsa okungaqondile. Imikhiqizo ye-HPMC isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yomnotho wezwe ikakhulukazi ngesimo sezengezo, ngakho-ke i-HPMC inezimpawu zokusebenzisa okubanzi futhi okusakazeka ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, kanye nabasebenzisi abaphansi kakhulu bathenga kakhulu ngamanani amancane. Ngokusekelwe kwizici zabasebenzisi bokugcina abasakazekile emakethe, ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo we-HPMC ikakhulukazi kwamukela imodeli yomthengisi.
Imikhiqizo ye-PAC isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi embonini yokushayela kawoyela nezokukhiqiza. Amakhasimende ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezinkulu kawoyela ezifana ne-petrochina, i-sinopec, ne-CNOOC. Imikhiqizo ithengiswa ngokuyinhloko ngokuqondile ngamanani amakhulu.
1. Isimo Semakethe Yomkhiqizo
(1)Imboni Yokwakha
① Imakethe Yasekhaya Imboni yezokwakha iyinkambu yokusebenzisa enkulu kunazo zonke yemikhiqizo ye-HPMC, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukushumeka, ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba, ukunamathisela amathayili, amathayili adlule futhi ukubengeza ku-cunmer data. Ikakhulu, ukuxubana inani elincane le-HPMC ku-cuter datar kungakhulisa ukubonana, kugcinwe amanzi, ukubuyisa ukumiswa komoya, futhi ukumelana nokushisa, nokuqina kokushisa, kanye nokunamathela. Amandla ashubile futhi agunda, ngaleyo ndlela enza ngcono ukusebenza kokwakha kwezinto zokwakha, ethuthukisa ikhwalithi yokwakha kanye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa okwenziwe ngomshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kokhonkolo kwezohwebo, i-HPMC ingumdanso obalulekile, odlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-Rheology kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokhonkolo wezohwebo. Njengamanje, i-HPMC ingumkhiqizo oyinhloko we-cellulose ether esetshenziswa ekwakheni uphawu lwezinto zokwakha.
Imboni yezokwakha iyisimboni sensika esemqoka yomnotho wezwe lakuleli. Kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2013, inani eliphelele lokukhishwa kwemboni yezokwakha yezwe lami landa lisuka ku-5.1 Trillion Yuan libe yi-15.93 Trillion Yuan; Indawo yokwakha yokwakha izindlu yanda kusuka kusuka kumamitha ayi-48 billion skwele kuya kumamitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-11.3. Ngokusho kohlelo lwe- "Elellom Yeshumi Nhlanu", inani eliphelele lokukhishwa kwemboni yezokwakha likazwelonke lizokwanda ngaphezu kwe-15% njalo ngonyaka.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, yize ukulawulwa okuqinile kwezwe lami kanye nezindlela zokulawula ezimakethe zezindlu zezentengiselwano ziye zaba nomthelela othile embonini yezokwakha, imakethe yezezakhiwo isagcina umkhuba wokukhula okuqinile. Kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2013, indawo esasisanda kuthulwa kwezinkampani zezezazo zezezakhiwo yanda kusuka kumamitha-skwele angama-954 ayizigidi ezingama-2007 kuya ku-2013, isilinganiso sokukhula kwaminyaka yonke esisanda kususwa kwezakhiwo sezentengiso sakwa-19.54%.
NgoNovemba 2012, uMbuso washo ngokusobala ukuthi i-Rural Urbalization kufanele kube ngumsebenzi osemqoka ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokufuduka. Ngo-2011, izinga lokufudunzana lezwe lami lalingama-51.27%, elaliphansi kakhulu kunamazinga angama-70-80% amadolobhana emazweni athuthukile. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokufuduka kwabantu emaphandleni ezweni lami kuzoletha indawo enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa neminye imikhakha ehlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqinile kukahulumeni kwengqalasizinda kanye nezimpahla ezimisiwe, kanye nokuqala okuphezulu kwezindlu ezingabizi ezweni lonke kuzonikeza umfutho owanele embonini yezokwakha. Ngokohlelo lwenkonzo yoMnyango Wezezindlu kanye Nezindawo Zasemakhaya Ngesikhathi se- "Selfth Searn Plan", kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2015, futhi inani eliphelele lokuvikelwa kwezindlu zasemadolobheni lizofinyelela ngaphezu kwama-20%.
I- "2014-2019 China Pharmaceutical Food Ibanga le-cellulose etherliose ukubhekwa kokuqapha imakethe yemakethe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali" okukhishwe yi-China imboni imininingwane ekhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC iyisengezo esibalulekile sokwenza udaka ngosimende nokhonkolo wezentengiso. Izidingo zihlobene kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2013, ukukhiqizwa kosesimende yezwe lami kwanda kusuka ku-1.383 billion amathani kuya kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.404; Ukukhiqizwa kokhonkolo kwezentengiso kwanda kusuka ku-294 million cubic metres kuya ku-1.143 billion cubic metres.
Ngokugcizelelwa okwandayo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo yasemadolobheni, iminyango efanelekile efana neKhomishini Yezokuthuthukiswa Kazwelonke kanye Nezinguquko, uMnyango Wezentengiselwano, kanye noMnyango Wezezindlu kanye Nezokuthuthukiswa Kwezindlu kanye Nezokuthuthukiswa Kwezindlu kanye noHulumeni wasemakhaya ziye zathuthukiswa futhi zisebenzise uchungechunge lwemithethonqubo yokusetshenziswa kokhonkolo wezentengiso. Ngokwegama likahulumeni "elenqabela ukwenqabela ukuxutshwa kodaka kwamanye amadolobha kungakapheli umkhawulo wesikhathi", kusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2009, ukhonkolo wezohwebo kufanele kusetshenziswe emadolobheni amakhulu angu-127 ezweni lonke. Njengamanje, amadolobha angaphezu kuka-300 ezweni lonke awethule izinqubomgomo ezifanele zokusetshenziswa kokhonkolo wezentengiso. Ngokukhuthaza ngokushesha kokhonkolo wezentengiso, isidingo semakethe se-HPMC sizokhula ngokushesha.
I-Cellulose Ether ingeyemikhiqizo emihle yamakhemikhali, futhi imboni ehlukanisiwe ayinazo izibalo zemakethe ezinembile nezisebenzayo. Imboni yezokwakha iyinkambu yohlelo lokusebenza ebaluleke kakhulu yemikhiqizo ye-HPMC eCellulose Ether. Ngokwemininingwane yokukhula kusuka ngo-2007 kuya ku-2013, kuhlangene nenqubomgomo yentuthuko kazwelonke yezwe "yenqubomgomo yeminyaka emihlanu" njengokwakhiwa kwenqubomgomo yasemakhaya kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezingabizi, imikhiqizo yesikhathi esizayo ye-HPMC isenendawo eningi yokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe.
① Imakethe Yezizwe
Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, ezomnotho ezivelayo zisheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda okuqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa komnotho okusheshayo. Thatha i-India njengesibonelo. Njengomnotho phakathi kwamazwe we-BRICS anawo amanani awo okuthuthuka komnotho angeyesibili kuphela eChina kanye nezwe elinabantu besibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, izinga layo lasemadolobheni ngo-2010 lalingu-30.1% kuphela. Ngo-2012, isiqinisekiso, inkampani yokubonisana yamazwe omhlaba eyaziwayo, yabikezela ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, ukushesha kwemidlalo yama-Olimpiki, ukuvela kwezinga leNdebe Yonke indawo embonini yezokwakha ezisazodlula kumazwe athuthukile. Amazwe, isilinganiselo semboni yokwakha emhlabeni jikelele ezimakethe ezivelayo zizokhuphuka ziye ku-6.7 Trillion US Dollars, lapho imakethe emazweni asathuthuka izokhula ngama-36%. Amathemba amakhulu okukhula emkhakheni wezokwakha eNdiya, eBrazil, eSouth Africa, eRussia, eSoutheast Asia nakwamanye amazwe nezifunda kuzohlinzeka ngamathuba okuthuthuka abanzi we-Etherprises yezwe lami.
(2)Imboni yokushayela kawoyela
Esezinhlelweni zokumba uwoyela, uketshezi oludonsa (okwaziwa nangokuthi "ukumba udaka") kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphatheni nasekumiseni udonga kanye nokulinganisa ukucindezela kanye nokufaka amathuluzi okushayela kanye nokudlulisa amandla we-hydraulic. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina umswakama ofanele, i-viscosity, i-fluidity nezinye izinkomba zoketshezi lokumba kubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wokumba uwoyela. Njengomkhulu, ukuguqulwa kwe-Rheology kanye nokulahleka koketshezi ku-drive fluid, i-PAC idlala izindima zokuqina, ukugcoba i-drill bit, futhi kudluliselwa amandla we-hydrodynamic. Ngenxa yokwehluka okukhulu ezimeni zemvelo ezindaweni zokugcina uwoyela, kunzima ukushayela kahle ezindaweni ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezwe, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-PAC kuye kwandise kakhulu.
Imakethe yezimboni yezezimboni zokushayela uwoyela ithintwe kakhulu yi-Global Consoration and Development Investment, futhi angaphezu kuka-40% wokuhlola umhlaba jikelele kanye nokutshala imali kusetshenziselwa izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela bawomafutha. Usayizi wemakethe yemakethe yomhlaba wonke wawungama- $ 121.3 billion ngonyaka we-2007, futhi kubikezelwa ukuba yi-US $ 262 billion ngonyaka ka-2013. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kukhuphuke kakhulu, futhi i-Oyili yokumba izinsizakalo Zobunjiniyela iye yanda ngokushesha. Phakathi kwezinkampani ezintathu ezinkulu zamafutha ezweni lami, uPetrochina ungumnikazi wezinkampani zobunjiniyela kanye nezinkampani zenkonzo yezobuchwepheshe ezinjengokushayela okungokwentshonalanga, ukumba okudongeni okukhulu, ukumba okudongeni, nokumba kwe-chuanquing. Ibhizinisi layo lihlanganisa amasimu amakhulu kawoyela wasekhaya kanye namasimu kawoyela waphesheya kwezilwandle. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamasimu kawoyela eNyakatho Afrika kanye naseMpumalanga Ephakathi kusengozini yoshintsho esimweni sezepolitiki sendawo, bese kuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-PAC; I-Sinopec ne-CNOOC ikakhulukazi gxila ekuthuthukisweni kwamafutha eDodioffield, kanye nesidingo se-PAC sizinzile.
Kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2013, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha wezwe lami kwanda kusuka kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-369 kuye kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-498. Ngokwezibalo zemibiko yonyaka kaPetrochina, Sinopec, kanye ne-CNOOC, kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2013, izindleko ezinkulu zezinkampani zamafutha zanda zisuka ku-5011.403 billion yuan. Ukuchitha imali kuwile.
Njengamanje, izwe lami libheka ama-oilfields kanye nama-oilfields of offshore esifundeni saseNtshonalanga njengesixhobo sokuthuthukiswa kwamafutha, futhi kwandisa ukuxhashazwa kwama-oyela amadala. Ngenxa yezidingo ezikhethekile zezwe zamafutha ashiwo ngenhla, inani lobunjiniyela bokumba likhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-PAC nakho kukhulisa ngokufanele. "Imboni ye-petrole kanye ne-petroleum ne-chedict" yezwe lami "yezwe lami"
(3)Umkhakha wezesekeli wezemithi
I-Nonionic Celcule Isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwamafilimu nokunamathela emithini yethebhulethi, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukumiswa, ukulungiswa kwe-ophthalmic, i-tampula ye-termaceutical etherule kunezidingo eziqinile ekuhlanzekeni komkhiqizo nokubonakala, inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunezinqubo eziningi zokugeza. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amamaki emikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether, izinga lokuqoqa lemikhiqizo eqediwe liphansi, izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphezulu, futhi inani elingeziwe lomkhiqizo liphezulu.
Kwezimanje, i-Akhawunti yezemithi yezemithi ye-Exectients accounting ye-10-20% yenani lokukhipha lawo wonke amalungiselelo amakhambi. Njengoba ama-Exepietients ezwe lami aqala sekwephuzile futhi izinga lonke lisezingeni eliphansi, ama-Executients e-ExesciPients accipients ngenani eliphansi lesidakamizwa, cishe ama-2-3%. Ama-Execipieetients Emithi Exessients asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni efana namasheke amakhemikhali, imishanguzo yamalungelo amaShayina nemikhiqizo ye-biochemical. Kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2012, inani eliphelele lokukhipha lezemithi lalingu-417.316 billion yuan, ama-628.95 billion yuan, 887.957 billion billion kanye 1,053.953 billion ngokulandelana. Ngokwengxenye ye-Executient yezwe lami le-Executienients Accounting nge-2% yenani eliphelele lokukhipha amakhambi amakhambi, inani eliphelele le-yuan elisezigidini ezingama-1,5 ubudala, eziyi-12,5 billion yuan yuan.
Ngesikhathi se- "Selfth Searn Plan", uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe buhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuthuthuka kwama-Excupietics amasha wezemithi njengezihloko zocwaningo. Ehlelweni lokuthuthukiswa kweminyaka emihlanu yemikhakha yezemithi "ekhishwe uMnyango Wezimboni kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zemithi kanye nezinto zokupakisha zibalwe njengendawo ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezemithi. Ngokuhambisana nenhloso yesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-20% kwinani eliphelele lokukhipha imboni yemithi ehlelweni lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nolwazi lwezeminyaka, ngasikhathi sinye ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemakethe yebanga lemithi.
(4)Upende kanye nezinye izimboni
I-HPMC isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti eyakha ifilimu, i-emulsifier, i-emulsifier ne-stabilizer ku-latex paint kanye nokwenza izinto zombala we-resin, kanye nokunamathela kwezentengiselwano, kanye nokuzinamathela kwezentengiselwano, phakathi kwe-ph kuya ku-2013 amathani ayizigidi ezingama-4.5139, 10.5381 million amathani, amathani ayizigidi eziyi-10.8309, amathani ayizigidi eziyi-14.0728 namathani ayizigidi eziyi-13.3898. Yize kuthintekile ngenxa yokulawulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukukhula kwemiphumela yezambatho yezwe lami kunqunyelwe ngo-2011, kepha ngokuthuthuka kokuvikelwa kwabantu ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo, imboni yezambatho izothatha indawo yezithasiselo zamakhemikhali ezedlule ezinezithasiselo zemvelo ezinjenge-cellulose ether.
I-Cellulose Ether ingeyemboni eyahlukaniswa futhi ingenazo izibalo zemakethe ezigunyaziwe, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuqondile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobubanzi obubanzi nokubaluleka kohlelo lokusebenza lwayo, izimboni eziphambili ze-DownTream zizokwakha, i-petroleum, umuthi kanye neminye imikhakha ebalulekile yomnotho wezwe, kanye nesidingo esikhulu futhi sikhula. Ngakho-ke, kungahlulelwa ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether inesidingo esikhulu semakethe kanye nendawo yokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobhana, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamafutha aphesheya kwamazwe asathuthuka kwamanye amazwe kuhlinzeke indawo ebanzi yemakethe yamazwe omhlaba ye-cellulose ether ekhethwe.
Isikhathi sePosi: APR-24-2023