Yini i-cellulose ether?

I-Cellulose Ether iyindawo eyi-polymer enesakhiwo se-ether eyenziwe nge-cellulose. I-Glucosyl Ring ngayinye ku-CelLose Macromolecule iqukethe amaqembu amathathu e-hydroxyl, iqembu eliyisisekelo le-hydroxyl eqenjini lesithupha le-carbon, futhi i-hydrogen eqenjini le-hydroxbon lithathelwa indawo yi-veldrocarbon group ukukhiqiza izinto ezivela komoya. Kungumkhiqizo lapho i-hydrogen yeqembu le-hydroxyl e-cellulose polymer ithathelwa indawo yiqembu le-hydrocarbon. I-Cellulose yi-polyhydroxy polymer compound engancibilika futhi ayincibilike. Ngemuva kokuthethezeka, iselulamevu incane emanzini, i-dilite alkali solution kanye ne-organic solvent, futhi ine-thermoplasticity.

I-Cellulose yi-polyhydroxy polymer compound engancibilika futhi ayincibilike. Ngemuva kokuthethezeka, iselulamevu incane emanzini, i-dilite alkali solution kanye ne-organic solvent, futhi ine-thermoplasticity.

I-1.Nature:

Ukulimala kwe-cellulose ngemuva kokushintshana kokuthezeka kakhulu. Ingachithwa emanzini, i-dilifu acid, i-alkali noma i-organic solvent. I-solubity ikakhulukazi incike ezicini ezintathu: (1) Izici zamaqembu ezethulwe kwinqubo yokusheshisa, okwethule iqembu elikhudlwana, kanye ne-solubity yeqembu elethuliwe, kube lula ubumbano lweqembu elethuliwe. (2) Izinga lokufakwa esikhundleni kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamaqembu anetherified kuma-macromolecule. Iningi le-cellulose aferter lingachithwa kuphela emanzini ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esithile sokufakwa esikhundleni, futhi izinga lokufaka esikhundleni liphakathi kuka-0 no-3; (3) Izinga le-polymerization ye-cellulose ether, kukhuphuka izinga le-polymerization, incibilika kancane; Ukwehlisa izinga lokufaka esikhundleni semali elingachithwa emanzini, iningi libanzi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-cellulose afers ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, usimende, uphethiloli, ukudla, izindwangu, okokuhlanza, upende, umuthi, ukwenziwa kwezimboni kanye nezinye izimboni.

2. Ukuthuthukisa:

I-China ngumkhiqizi omkhulu emhlabeni kanye nomthengi we-cellulose ether, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingaphezu kwama-20%. Ngokusho kwezibalo zokuqala, kunamabhizinisi akhiqizwayo angama-50 we-cellulose ether eChina, umthamo owenzelwe ukukhiqizwa we-cellulose ether imboni, futhi kunamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-20,000, asatshalaliswa kakhulu eShandong, Hebei, ChongQing naseJiangsu. , Zhejiang, eShanghai nezinye izindawo.

3. Dinga:

Ngo-2011, umthamo wokukhiqizwa kweChina wawungamathani angama-300,000. Ngesidingo esikhulayo se-CelleLose Afers esezingeni eliphakeme ezimbonini ezinjengomuthi, ukudla, kanye namakhemikhali nsuku zonke, isidingo sasekhaya seminye imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether enye. , umthamo wokukhiqiza we-MC / HPMC cishe amathani ayi-120,000, futhi lokho ngo-HEC kungamathani angama-20,000. I-PAC isesesigabeni sokuphromotha kanye nesicelo eChina. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamasimu amakhulu kawoyela angasogwini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwakha, ukudla, amakhemikhali kanye nezinye izimboni, inani kanye nensimu ye-PAC kuyanda futhi kuyakhula ngonyaka ngonyaka, kube namandla okukhiqiza amathani angaphezu kuka-10,000.

4. Ukuhlukaniswa:

Ngokwehlukaniswa Kwamakhemikhali Sokuhlukaniswa Kwabafakazi, zingahlukaniswa zaba abathakathi be-anionic, i-cationic kanye ne-anion. Depending on the etherification agent used, there are methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and phenyl I-cellulose, njll. I-Methyl Cellulose ne-Ethyl cellulose zisebenza kakhulu.

Methylcellulose:

Ngemuva kokuthi ukotini ocwengiwe kuphathwa nge-Alkali, ethertule Ether kukhiqizwa ngochungechunge lokuphendula nge-methane chloride njenge-ejenti yokuthezeka. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokufaka esikhundleni ngu-1.6 ~ 2.0, kanye ne-solubility futhi kwehlukile ngama-degree ahlukene wokufaka esikhundleni. Ingeye-ether engeyona eye-moulsose.

(1) I-methylcellulose incanela emanzini abandayo, futhi kuzoba nzima ukuncibilikisa emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo sayo esinamanzi sizinzile kakhulu ebangeni le-PH = 3 ~ 12. Inokuhambisana okuhle nesitashi, isiGungu seGum, njll. Futhi ama-surfactants amaningi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela izinga lokushisa le-gelation, kwenzeka.

(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuncike kwinani layo lokungezwa, i-viscosity, usayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye nezinga lokuchithwa. Ngokuvamile, uma inani lokungeza likhulu, ubuciko buncane, futhi i-viscoty inkulu, inani lokugcina lamanzi liphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, inani lesengezo linomthelela omkhulu kunabo bonke emazingeni okugcinwa kwamanzi, futhi izinga lokubonana alifani ngqo nezinga lamazinga okugcina amanzi. Izinga lokuchithwa ikakhulukazi lincike ezingeni lokuguqulwa komhlaba kwezinhlayiya ze-celluLose kanye nezinhlayiyane izinhlayiyana. Phakathi kwalezi zithambekela ezingenhla kwe-cellulose, i-methyl cellulose ne-hydroxyprosell methyl cellulose zinamazinga aphezulu okugcina amanzi.

(3) Izinguquko zokushisa zingathinta kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, elibi kakhulu nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Uma izinga lokushisa lodaka lidlula ama-40 ° C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, kuthinte kabi ukwakhiwa kodaka.

(4) I-methyl cellulose inomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasekubumbeni kodaka. "Ukunamathela" lapha kubhekisa emandleni okubopha kube phakathi kwethuluzi lomfakisicelo lomsebenzi kanye nodonga substrate, okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugula kodaka. Ukunamathelayo kuphakeme, ukumelana nokukhula kodaka kukhulu, futhi amandla afunwa yizisebenzi ezisezinhlelweni zokusebenzisa nawo akhulu, futhi ukusebenza kodaka kumpofu. Ukubumbana kwe-methyl cellulose kusezingeni eliphakathi emikhiqizweni ye-cellulose ether.

Hydroxypropylmethylcellellulose:

I-Hydroxypropylykyl methylcellulose yinhlobonhlobo ye-cellulose ikhuphuka ukuphuma nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwanda ngokushesha. Kuyinto engekho-cellulose e-ether exubile eyenziwe kusuka kukotoni ecwengekile ngemuva kwe-alkalization, esebenzisa i-propelene oxide kanye ne-methyl chloride njenge-ejenti yokusheshisa, ngochungechunge lokuphendula. Izinga lokufakwa esikhundleni ngokuvamile i-1.2 ~ 2.0. Izakhiwo zayo ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwe-methoxyl ku-hydroxypropyl.

. Kepha izinga lokushisa layo le-gelation emanzini ashisayo liphakeme kakhulu kunalelo ye-methyl cellulose. I-solubity emanzini abandayo nayo yathuthukiswa kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-methyl cellulose.

. Ukushisa futhi kuthinta ukubonakala kwayo, njengoba izinga lokushisa liyanda, ukuhlakanipha kuyancipha. Kodwa-ke, ithonya lokubonakala kwalo okuphezulu nokushisa layo liphansi kunalelo ye-methyl cellulose. Isixazululo saso sizinzile lapho zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.

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. Amanzi e-caustic kanye nama-lime anomthelela omncane ekusebenzeni kwawo, kepha u-Alkali angasheshisa ukuchitheka kwawo futhi akhulise ukubonwa kwawo kancane. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is stable to common salts, but when the concentration of salt solution is high, the viscosity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution tends to increase.

. Njengotshwala be-polyvinyl, isitashi ether, gum yemifino, njll.

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Hydroxyethyl cellulose:

Kwenziwa kusuka kukotoni okucwengezelayo okuphathwe nge-alkali, futhi kwasabela nge-ethylene oxide njenge-ejenti ye-ejenti phambi kwe-isopropanol. I-degree yayo yokufaka esikhundleni imvamisa kungu-1.5 ~ 2.0. Ine-hydrophilicity eqinile futhi kulula ukumunca umswakama.

(1) I-HydroxYethyl celtulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, kepha kunzima ukuncibilikisa emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo saso sizinzile ngokushisa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokugoba. Ingasetjenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu ngodaka, kepha ukugcinwa kwalo kwamanzi kuphansi kunalokho kwe-methyl cellulose.

. Ukungafani kwalo emanzini kubi kakhulu kunalokho kwe-methyl cellulose ne-hydroxypropylyly methyl cellulose.

(3) I-HydroxYethyl cellulose inokusebenza okuhle kwe-anti-sag ngodaka, kepha inesikhathi eside sokubuyisa usimende.

(4) ukusebenza kweIHydroxYethyl CelluloseKukhiqizwe amanye amabhizinisi asekhaya ngokusobala aphansi kunalokho kwe-methyl cellulose ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwamanzi okuphezulu nokuqukethwe okuphezulu komlotha.

(5) Isithasiselo sesisombululo esinamanzi se-hydroxyethyl celtulose sibaluleke kakhulu. Ekushiseni okungama-40 ° C, isikhutha kungenzeka kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezi-5, ezizothinta ukusebenza kwazo.

I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose:

I-Lonic Cellulose Ether yenziwa kusuka kumicu yemvelo (ukotini, njll.) Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-sodium monochloroace ithathi njenge-ejenti yokusabela, kanye nokwelashwa kokwelashwa okusabela. Izinga lokufaka esikhundleni ngokuvamile lingu-0.4 ~ 1.4, futhi ukusebenza kwalo kuthinteka kakhulu ngezinga lokufaka esikhundleni.

(1) I-carboxymethyl celtulose iyinhlahla nge-hygroscopic eyengeziwe, futhi izoqukatha amanzi amaningi lapho igcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula u-50 ° C, i-viscosity ayinakuphikwa.

(3) Ukuqina kwalo kuthinteka kakhulu ph. Ngokuvamile, ingasetshenziswa ku-gypsum osuselwa ku-gypsum, kepha hhayi ngodaka olususelwa kuso usimende. Lapho i-alkali kakhulu, izolahlekelwa ukubonana.

(4) Ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kuphansi kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose. Inomphumela wokubuyisa emuva ku-gypsum osuselwa ku-gypsum futhi wehlise amandla ayo. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-carboxymethyl celtulose iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-methyl cellulose.

I-Cellulose Alkyl Ether:

Abamele yi-methyl cellulose ne-ethyl cellulose. Ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, i-methyl chloride noma i-ethyl chloride ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokusheshisa, futhi ukusabela kungokulandelayo:

Efomula, r imele i-CH3 noma i-C2H5. Ukuhlushwa kwe-Alkali akukubisi nje kuphela ngezinga lokuthethelwa, kepha futhi kuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwe-Alkyl Halides. Ukwehla okuhlushwa i-alkali, okunamandla kwe-hydrolysis ye-alkyl halide. Ukuze sinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti ethembisa, ukugxila kwe-alkali kumele kwendiswe. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukugxila kwe-alkali kuphezulu kakhulu, umphumela wokuvuvukala we-cellulose uncishisiwe, ongakuvumeli ukusabela kokuthezeka, futhi izinga lokuthezeka lincishisiwe. Ngale njongo, i-LYE egxilile noma i-SOOR SOOR SORE ingangezwa ngesikhathi sokuphendula. Umhlaziyi kufanele abe nedivaysi evuthayo evuthayo futhi edwengula ukuze i-alkali ingasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo. I-methyl cellulose isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-sikhulu, inamathela futhi ivikela i-colloid njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-inki yokudla, ukuphrinta, futhi isetshenziswa ku-latex ngopende, futhi isetshenziswe ku-cleatex Amandla okuqala, njll. Imikhiqizo ye-Ethyl Celculose inamandla aphezulu emishini, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokushisa nokuphikiswa okubandayo. Isembozo se-ethyl esisezingeni eliphansi sencibilika emanzini bese ligcwalisa izixazululo ze-alkali, futhi imikhiqizo efakwe esikhundleni esiphezulu iyancibilika kakhulu ku-organic solvents eziningi. Inokuhambisana okuhle nama-resin ahlukahlukene namapulasitiki. Ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amapulasitiki, amafilimu, ama-varnish, anamathela, izinto ze-latex ne-coating for izidakamizwa, zithuthukise ukuzwela okushisayo, njll. Izinga lokushintshwa kwezidakamizwa, njll. Izinga lokushintshwa kwezindawo ezingenhla liyahlukahluka ngesimo sabangemuva kanye nesilinganiso se I-Alkyl kumaqembu we-hydroxyalkyl.

I-Cellulose Hydroxyalkyl ether:

Abamele yi-Hydroxyethyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxypropyl cellulose. Ama-ejenti athembela ama-etherides anjenge-ethylene oxide ne-propelene oxide. Sebenzisa i-acid noma isisekelo njenge-catalyst. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ukuphendula u-Alkali Cellulose nge-ejenti ye-etherification: Hydroxyethyl cellulose enenani eliphakeme kakhulu lincibilikayo kuwo wonke amanzi abandayo namanzi ashisayo. I-Hydroxypropyl celtulose enenani eliphakeme kakhulu linyibilika kuphela emanzini abandayo kodwa hhayi emanzini ashisayo. I-Hydroxyyethyl celtulose ingasetshenziswa njenge-nyouner ye-latex coatings, ukuphrinta kwendwangu kanye nama-pastes wokudaya, izinto zokufaka amaphepha, izinamathiseli nama-colloids avikelayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Hydroxypropyllllls kufana naleso ye-hydroxyethyl cellulose. I-Hydroxypropyl celtulose enenani eliphansi lokufaka esikhundleni senani elingasetshenziswa njenge-excipietietical excipietical, ebingabambisane nokuhlukanisa izakhiwo.

I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose, isifinyezo sesiNgisi CMC, ngokuvamile sikhona ngendlela kasawoti we-sodium. I-ejenti yokuphenya i-monochlororoy acid, futhi ukusabela kungokulandelayo:

I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose iyi-ether esetshenziswa kakhulu ye-cellulose esetshenziswa kakhulu. Esikhathini esedlule, sasisetshenziswa kakhulu njengodaka lokumba, kepha manje selunwetshiwe ukuthi lusetshenziswe njengesengezo se-detergent, i-slurry ye-tatboard, i-cosmetics, kanye ne-cosmetics, kanye nokunamathela kwama-ceramics kanye nokukhulisa.

I-Polyanionic Cellulose (PAC) i-Ionic Cellulose Ether futhi ingumkhiqizo ophezulu wokuphela kwe-carboxymethylllose (CMC). Kuyimpuphu emhlophe, emhlophe noma ephuzi kancane noma i-granule, okunganambitheki, okungenakunambitha, okulula ukuncibilikisa ngamanzi ukuze kwakhiwe isisombululo esibonakalayo ngokuqina okusobala, ukumelana nosawoti, kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile ze-antibacterial, kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile ze-antibacterial, kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile ze-antibacterial. Akukho isikhutha nokuwohloka. Inezimpawu zobumsulwa obuphezulu, izinga eliphakeme lokufaka esikhundleni sokufakwa esikhundleni, kanye nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwabangeniswa esikhundleni. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-binder, isikhungo, ukuguqulwa kwe-Rheology, ukuncishiswa koketshezi, ukuncishiswa koketshezi, njll. I-Polyanionic Cellulose (njll.

I-Cyanoethyl celtulose ngumkhiqizo wokuphendula we-cellulose kanye ne-acrylonitrile ngaphansi kwe-catalysis ye-alkali.

I-Cyanoethyl celtulose inokulahleka okuphezulu okuhlala okuqhubekayo nokungaphansi kokulahlekelwa futhi kungasetshenziswa njenge-matrix ye-resin ye-phosphor kanye namalambu we-electrollominescent. I-cyanoethylls ephansi ephansi ye-cyanoethyl ingasetshenziswa njengephepha elifaka i-transformers.

Abanamafutha aphezulu abaphethe utshwala obunamafutha, u-Alkenyl Tabane, futhi abaphikisi botshwala obumnandi be-cellulose balungisiwe, kepha abasetshenziswanga ukuzilolonga.

Izindlela zokulungiselela ze-cellulose ether zingahlukaniswa ngendlela yamanzi aphakathi, indlela ye-solvent, indlela yokuxova, indlela enama-slurry, indlela eqinile yegesi, indlela yesigaba segesi kanye nenhlanganisela yezindlela ezingenhla.

Isimiso esingu-5.

I-α-cellulose pulp ephakeme ifakwe ngesisombululo se-alkali ukumduduza ukushabalalisa ama-hydrogen bond, yenza lula ukuguquguquka kwama-reagents futhi ukhiqize i-alkali cellulose, bese usabela nge-ejenti yokuthola i-cellulose ether. Ama-ejenti athembela ama-hydrocarbon afaka ama-hydrocarbon (noma ama-sulfates), ama-epoxides, kanye nama-α kanye namakhompiyutha angafakwanga nabakwaMon.

Ukusebenza kwe-6.Basic:

Ama-Admixtures adlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kodaka oluhlanganiswe olomile, kanye ne-akhawunti ngaphezulu kwezindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo ku-wonduka omile. Ingxenye enkulu yokuhlanganiswa kwemakethe yasekhaya ihlinzekwa ngabakhiqizi bakwamanye amazwe, kanye nemithamo yezethenjwa yomkhiqizo nayo ihlinzekwa ngumhlinzeki. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindleko zemikhiqizo yodaka eyomile ehlanganisiwe ihlala iphakeme, futhi kunzima ukuwududuzana nodaka olujwayelekile kanye nohlobo lokufaka olunemali enkulu nobubanzi. Imikhiqizo yemakethe ephelele ilawulwa yizinkampani zakwamanye amazwe, futhi abakhiqizi bomuntu obomile abaxubekile banenzuzo ephansi kanye nokungabizi kwentengo okungekuhle; Ukusetshenziswa kwe-admixtures antula ohlelekile nocwaningo oluhlosiwe, futhi kulandela amafomula angaphandle.

Umenzeli wokugcina amanzi ungumphikisi obalulekile wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka oluhlanganisiwe, futhi lungenye ye-admixtures ebalulekile ukuthola izindleko zezinto zodaka ezixubile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko weI-Cellulose Etherukugcinwa kwamanzi.

I-Cellulose Ether yigama elijwayelekile lochungechunge lwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-Alkali Cellulose kanye ne-ejenti ethembisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. I-Alkali Cellulose ithathelwa indawo ama-ejenti ahlukile aphelelisayo ukuthola izitha ze-cellulose ezihlukile. Ngokusho kwezakhiwo ze-Ionization zokufakaza ezikhundleni, izithiyo ze-cellulose zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl celtulose) ne-nonionylls cellulose). Ngokusho kohlobo lwe-substituent, i-cellulose ether ingahlukaniswa i-monoJe (njenge-methyl cellulose) futhi i-ether exubile (efana ne-hydroxypropylylyl methyl celtule). Ngokuya nge-solubity ehlukene, ingahlukaniswa nge-solubility yamanzi (njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kanye ne-organic solvent solubent (njenge-ethyl cellulose). Udaka oluhlanganisiwe olumile ikakhulukazi i-cellulose yamanzi, futhi iselula engenawo amanzi ihlukaniswe ngohlobo olusheshayo kanye nohlobo oluphoqelekile olubiliwe.

Indlela yokwenza kwesenzo se-cellulose ether ngodaka kungokulandelayo:

. wokwakha.

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