I-Hemc (HydroxYethyl Methyl Cellulose) iyinhlangano ebalulekile ye-cellulose ether esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kokwakha, umuthi, ukudla kanye nezinye izinkambu. Enqubweni yayo yokukhiqiza, kunezinto eziningi ezibalulekile okufanele ubheke ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa.
1. Ukukhetha kanye nokulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza
1.1 cellulose
Izinto eziphambili ezingavuthiwe ze-hemc ziyi-cellulose yemvelo, imvamisa kusuka ku-pulp yezinkuni noma ukotini. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphakeme ze-cellulose zinquma ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngakho-ke, ubumsulwa, isisindo molecular kanye nomthombo wezinto ezingavuthiwe zibalulekile.
Ukumsulwa: I-cellulose ehlanzekile ebumsulwa kufanele ikhethwe ukunciphisa umthelela wokungcola ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo.
Isisindo samangqamuzana: Iselula yezisindo ezahlukahlukene zamangqamuzana zizothinta i-solubity kanye nokwenza kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-hemc.
Umthombo: Umthombo we-cellulose (efana ne-solip pulp, ukotini) unquma ukwakheka kanye nobumsulwa be-cellulose chain.
1.2 sodium hydroxide (naoh)
I-Sodium Hydroxide isetshenziselwa i-alkalization ye-cellulose. Kufanele kube nobumsulwa obuphezulu futhi okuhlushwa kwalo kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusabela.
1.3 Ethylene oxide
Ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenzisa kabusha kwe-ethylene oxide kuthinta ngqo izinga le-ethoxtlayer. Ukulawula ukuhlanzeka kwayo kanye nezimo zokuphendula kusiza ekutholeni izinga elifunekayo lokusebenza esikhundleni kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo.
1.4 methyl chloride
I-methylation isinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-hemc. Ubumsulwa kanye nezimo zokuphendula ze-methyl chloride zinomthelela oqondile ngezinga le-methylation.
2. Amapharamitha Wokukhiqiza Inqubo
2.1 Ukwelashwa Alkalization
Ukwelashwa kwe-alkalization ye-cellulose kuphendula nge-cellulose nge-sodium hydroxide ukwenza amaqembu e-hydroxy ku-cellulose chain chain asebenzayo, okulungele i-ethoxylution elandelayo.
Ukushisa: kuvame ukwenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi ukugwema ukonakala kweselula.
Isikhathi: Isikhathi se-Alkalization sidinga ukulawulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusabela kwanele kepha akuyena ngokweqile.
2.2 Ezoxtlayer
I-EthoxtLaltation isho ukufaka esikhundleni se-Alkalised Cellulose ngu-Ethylene oxide ukukhiqiza iselula ethosiwe.
Izinga lokushisa nengcindezi: Izinga lokushisa le-RESCAMENT kanye nengcindezi kudingeka kulawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kwe-eThoxylution.
Isikhathi Sokuphendula: Isikhathi eside kakhulu noma esifushane kakhulu sizothinta izinga lokufakwa esikhundleni kanye nokwenza umkhiqizo.
2.3 methylation
I-methylation ye-cellulose by methyl chloride ikhipha ama-celloxy-cellulose delvule-cellulose decivatives.
Izimo Zokuphendula: kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isikhathi sokuphendula, njll., Zonke zidinga ukwenziwa kahle.
Ukusetshenziswa kweCatalyst: Ama-Catalysts angasetshenziswa ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokuphendula lapho kunesidingo.
2.4 ukungathathi hlangothi nokugeza
I-cellulose ngemuva kokusabela idinga ukungathathi hlangothi i-alkali esele futhi igezwe ngokugcwele ukususa ama-reclants asele kanye nemikhiqizo.
Ukugeza okuphakathi: Ingxube yamanzi noma i-ethanol-water ivame ukusetshenziswa.
Izikhathi zokugeza nezindlela: kufanele zilungiswe njengoba kudingeka ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kwezinsalela.
2.5 ukomisa nokuchoboza
I-cellulose egeziwe idinga ukomiswa futhi ichotshozwe usayizi ofanele wezinhlayiyana ngokusetshenziswa okulandelayo.
Ukushisa okushisa nesikhathi: kudingeka ukuba ulinganise ukugwema ukonakala kweselula.
Ukuchotshozwa usayizi wezinhlayiyana: kufanele kulungiswe ngokuya ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.
3. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi
3.1 degree Production Degree
Ukusebenza kwe-hemc kuhlobene kakhulu nezinga lokufaka esikhundleni (DS) kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni sokunye. Kudinga ukutholwa yi-nkforless magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared Spectroscopy (IR) nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
3.2 I-Solubity
I-solubity ye-hemc iyipharamitha esemqoka ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Ukuhlolwa kokuchithwa kufanele kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo nokusebenza kwe-viscosity endaweni yesicelo.
Ngu-3.3 I-Viscosity
I-viscosity ye-hemc ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kwayo kumkhiqizo wokugcina. I-viscosity yomkhiqizo ilinganiswa yi-veliccometer ejikelezayo noma i-viseccometer ye-capillary.
3.4 purnity kanye nezinsalela
Ama-reckants asele kanye nokungcola komkhiqizo azothinta umphumela wawo wokufaka isicelo futhi adinga ukutholwa ngokuphelele futhi alawulwe.
4. Ukuphathwa Kwezemvelo Nezokuphepha
4.1 Ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka
Amanzi amdaka akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza adinga ukuphathwa ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Ukungathathi hlangothi: Amanzi amdaka e-acid ne-alkali adinga ukungathathi hlangothi.
Ukususwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo: Sebenzisa izindlela zemvelo noma zamakhemikhali ukwelapha izinto eziphilayo kumanzi amdaka.
4.2 Ukukhishwa Kwegesi
Amagesi akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusabela (njenge-ethylene oxide kanye ne-methyl chloride) kudingeka aqoqwe futhi aphathwe ukuvikela ukungcoliswa.
Umbhoshongo wokumuncwa: Amagesi ayingozi athunjwa futhi athathwe yimibhoshongo yokumunca.
I-FILTRATION: Sebenzisa izihlungi ezisebenza kahle ukuze ususe izinhlayiya kugesi.
4.3 Ukuvikelwa Kwezokuphepha
Amakhemikhali ayingozi ayabandakanyeka ekuphendukeni kwamakhemikhali, kanye nezinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha zidinga ukuthathwa.
Imishini yokuvikela: Nikeza imishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE), njengamagilavu, ama-goggles, njll.
Uhlelo lokupholisa: Qinisekisa umoya omncane ukuze ususe amagesi ayingozi.
4.4 Inqubo yokwenza kahle
Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokungcola okubonakalayo okungavuthiwe futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa ngokwenza kahle kwenqubo kanye nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo.
5. Izici zezomnotho
5.1 Ukulawulwa kwezindleko
Izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyimithombo eyinhloko yezindleko ekukhiqizweni. Izindleko zokukhiqiza zingancishiswa ngokukhetha abahlinzeki abafanele nokwenza kahle ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
5.2 Isidingo semakethe
Isikali Sokukhiqizwa kanye nokucaciswa komkhiqizo kufanele kulungiswe ngokuya ngesidingo semakethe ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinzuzo zomnotho eziphezulu.
5.3 Ukuhlaziywa kokuncintisana
Yenza ukuhlaziya ukuncintisana kwemakethe njalo, lungisa ukuma komkhiqizo kanye namasu okukhiqiza, futhi uthuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe.
6. Ubuchwepheshe obusha
6.1 Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo Okusha
Ukuthuthuka ngokuqhubekayo futhi wamukele izinqubo ezintsha ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, thuthukisa ama-catalysts amasha noma ezinye izimo zokusabela.
6.2 Ukuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo
Thuthukisa futhi uthuthukise imikhiqizo esekelwe kwimpendulo yamakhasimende kanye nokufunwa kwemakethe, njengokuthuthuka kwe-hemc ngamazinga ahlukene wokufaka esikhundleni kanye nesisindo se-molecular.
6.3 Ukulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo
Ngokwethula izinhlelo zokulawula ezenzakalelayo, Ukulawuleka kanye nokuvumelana kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kungathuthukiswa futhi amaphutha abantu angancishiswa.
7. Imithetho kanye Namazinga
7.1 Amazinga OMkhiqizo
I-hemc ekhiqizwayo idinga ukulandela amazinga afanele embonini kanye nezidingo zokulawula, ezinjengezindinganiso ze-ISO, amazinga kazwelonke, njll.
7.2 Imithetho yezemvelo
Inqubo yokukhiqiza idinga ukulandela imithetho yemvelo yendawo, yehlisa ukuphuma kokungcola, futhi ivikele imvelo.
7.3 Imithetho yezokuphepha
Inqubo yokukhiqiza idinga ukulandela imithetho yokukhiqiza ukuphepha ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nokwethenjwa kokusebenza kwefekthri.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-hemc iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enezici eziningi. Ukusuka ekukhetheni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukucubungula ukusebenza kwepharamitha, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ukuphathwa kokuphepha kwezemvelo ekubuseni ubuchwepheshe, isixhumanisi ngasinye sibalulekile. Ngokuphatha okunengqondo nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ye-hemc kungathuthukiswa ngempumelelo ukufeza ukufunwa kwemakethe.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-17-2025