Izithasiselo zodaka ezixubile ziyisigaba sezinto zamakhemikhali noma izinto zemvelo ezisetshenziselwa ukuguqula ukusebenza ngodaka ngodaka olomile. Lezi zengezo zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zodaka, njengotshani, amandla okuqinisa, ukumelana nokuqina nokuqina, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza. Udaka ngodaka owomile luyinto yokwakha ehlelwe ngaphambilini esetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-masonry, ukulungiswa, ukuvelela phansi kanye nokunye ukwakhiwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezengezo kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuvumelana nezimo nokusebenza kwalo.
(1) Ukuhlukaniswa kwezithasiselo zodaka ezixubile
1. I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi
I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi (njenge-hydroxypropyllylylylylylyl, hpmc) ingabambezela ukuhwamuka kwamanzi futhi ithuthukise ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngodaka, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ububi kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza ngesikhathi sokwakha. Umenzeli wokugcina amanzi anganciphisa nemifantu kanye nokushwabana ngodaka.
2. I-Shidener
I-Firener (efana neVinyl Alcohol Copolymer, EVA) isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa i-villar, ithuthukise ukunamathela kwayo kanye nezakhiwo zayo ezilwa nama-anti-sagging, ukuze udaka akulula ukushelela ngesikhathi sokwakha.
3. Abahlakazekile
Abasakazi (njenge-polycarboxylates) bangakhuthaza ukuhlakazwa okufanayo kwamapoti ku-wodun, banciphise ukuhlangana, futhi bathuthukise uketshezi nokwenza umsebenzi wokwakha ngodaka.
4. Amanzi anciphise
Amanzi anciphise amanzi (anjenge-sulfonated Naphthalene OrgandemDehyde ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isilinganiso samanzi sodaka ngodaka, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise amandla nokuqina kwawo nokuqina kwawo, futhi angathuthukisa ubukhazikhazi.
5. Ama-Agents Aving
Ama-ejenti angavimba amanzi (anjengeSilanes) anganciphisa izinga lokufakwa kwamanzi kodaka futhi athuthukise ukumelana kwalo kwamanzi, alungele izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza kwamanzi okudinga amanzi angenamanzi.
6. Ama-ejenti wamandla okuqala
Ama-ejenti wamandla okuqala (anjenge-calcium carbonate) angasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuqala kodaka, ukuze afinyelele amandla aphezulu ngesikhathi esifushane, esilungele amaphrojekthi adinga ukwakhiwa okusheshayo.
7. Agents Air Ukufaka Ama-Agents
Ama-ejenti okufaka umoya (anjenge-lignin sulfonates) asetshenziselwa ukwethula ama-bubble amancane futhi ayunifomu ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwamaqhwa nokuqina kodaka.
8. Ama-Anti-Sextling Agents
Ama-ejenti alwa nama-anti-extling (anjenge-bentonite) asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuqunjelwa kwezinhlayiya eziqinile ngodaka, eqinisekisa ukufana kanye nokwenza umsebenzi wokwakha ngodaka.
(2) Imisebenzi yezengezo zodaka ezixutshwe ngodaka
1. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakha
Izithasiselo zodaka ezixubile zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka. Isibonelo, abakhuthele kanye nama-ejenti okugcina amanzi angathuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokubonakaliswa kodaka, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza ngesikhathi sokwakha ngenkathi kunciphisa ukugcwala.
2. Thuthukisa amandla eBond
Izengezo ezinjenge-polymer powder kanye nama-tackifiers zingathuthukisa kakhulu amandla ebhondi phakathi kodaka nokwengeza, ngaleyo ndlela ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwesakhiwo okuphelele kodaka nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka kanye nokwahlukana.
3. Thuthukisa ukuqina
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti angenamanzi kanye nama-angents akwakheni ama-antifreeze kungathuthukisa ukuqina kodaka futhi kuqinisekisile ukuze kugcinwe impilo yenkonzo ende ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Ama-ejenti angavimba amanzi anciphisa ukungena kwamanzi, kanti ama-ejenti afaka umoya athuthukisa amandla okumelana nemijikelezo ye-free-thaw.
4. Shesha ukuqina nokuqina
Ama-accelerances asheshisa ukuqina kanye nenqubo eqinile yodaka, okwenza ukuthi ifinyelele emandleni adingekayo ekwakhiweni esikhathini esifushane futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo zokwakhiwa okusheshayo.
I-5. Ukulungisa uketshezi
Ngokusebenzisa ukuncishiswa kwamanzi kanye nabahluphi, uketshezi lodaka luyathuthuka futhi luyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zokwakha ezahlukahlukene, njengokuthela nokugcwaliswa.
(3) Ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo zodaka ezixutshwe ngodaka
Izithasiselo zodaka ezixubile zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphrojekthi wokwakha ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi kepha kungagcini ku:
1. Udaka lukaMasonry
Kumaphrojekthi we-Masonry, izengezo zingathuthukisa ukunamathela namandla acindezelayo odaka futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuqina nokuqina kodonga.
2. Udaka oludaka
Udaka olusetshenziselwa ukulungela ludinga izakhiwo zokwakha ezinhle kanye nefulethi. Izengezo ezinjengabakhulu kanye nama-ejenti wokugcina amanzi angathuthukisa uketshezi nokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka futhi kunciphise ukuqhekeka kwe-shrinkage.
3. I-Tile Adhesive
Ama-adhesives tile adinga ukunamathela okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezi-anti-slip. Izengezo ezinjenge-polymer glue powder kanye nezinto zokubopha zingahlangabezana nalezi zidingo futhi ziqinisekise ukunamathela kwama-tile.
4. Udaka phansi
Udaka lwaphansi ludinga ukufutheka okuhle nokugcwala. Amanzi anciphise namanzi angabathuthukisa ngempumelelo lezi zindawo futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo zokwakhiwa phansi.
5. Isidumbu sodaka
Udaka osetshenziselwa ukufakwa kuvame ukwengeza izinto zokwehlukanisa kanye nama-ejenti angavimba ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwalo kokufakelwa kwamanzi nokumelana kwamanzi, futhi kufanelekile ezinhlelweni zokufakwa kodonga lwangaphandle.
(4) ukuthambekela kwentuthuko yezithasiselo zodaka ezixubile
1. Izengezo Zobungane Bemvelo
Izengezo ezinobungani bemvelo zigxile ekuthuthukisweni kwamanje. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyingozi nokwamukela izinto ezingavuthiwe zokukhiqiza kuyindlela ebalulekile yekusasa. Isibonelo, i-cellulose yemvelo kanye nokukhishwa kwezitshalo kukhishwa kancane kancane esikhundleni sezithasiselo zendabuko zamakhemikhali.
2. Izengezo Eziphathekayo
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, izengezo eziningi ezenziwayo zivele kancane kancane. Bangathuthukisa izakhiwo eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, njengokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukubopha, njll.
3. Nanotechnology
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanotechnology ezithangekweni zodaka ezixubile ezixutshwe kancane kancane ziyaqhamuka. Ama-nanomatadium angathuthuka kakhulu nge-microskuva kanye ne-macroscopic yezakhiwo zodaka, njengokuthuthukisa amandla kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuqina.
4. Izinto ezihlakaniphile
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile ensimini yokwakha nakho kwaqala ukuheha ukunakwa. Isibonelo, izengezo zokuzenzela ukuzilungisa zingalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo imifantu kudaka, zinwebe impilo yensiza, futhi zithuthukise ukuphepha.
5. Izisombululo ezenziwe ngezifiso
Ngezidingo ezahlukene zokwakha kanye nezimo zemvelo, ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezenziwe ngezifiso zesengezo nakho ukuqondiswa kwentuthuko okuzayo, okudinga ukwakhiwa kobungcweti ngokuya ngezimpawu zamaphrojekthi athile.
Izengezo zodaka ezixubile zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwanamuhla. Ngokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezokwakha, amandla ahlanganisa amandla nokuqina kodaka, ahlinzeka ngeziqinisekiso ezithembekile zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zamaphrojekthi wokwakha. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko ekufunweni kwemakethe, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo kuzokwahluka futhi kusebenze kahle. Ukuqonda kanye nokwenza kahle izinhlobo, imisebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo zodaka ezixutshwe ngodaka kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi yokwakha kanye nokwakha ukusebenza.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-17-2025