1. Sibutsetelo
I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) yi-Anionic Polysaccharide esetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni, emikhakheni, izimonyo, ukukhishwa kwamafutha kanye nokuphambana. Impahla esemqoka ye-CMC yokubonakala, kepha ngezicelo ezingokoqobo, ukubonakala kwayo kuvame ukudinga ukuthi kulawulwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zokucubungula kanye nokusebenza.
2. Ukwakheka kanye ne-Viscosity Izici ze-CMC
I-CMC ingukutholwa kwe-carboxymetyletated ye-cellulose, futhi isakhiwo salo samangqamuzana inquma izici zayo zokuvuselela isixazululo. I-viscosity ye-CMC incike esisindo sayo samangqamuzana, izinga lokufaka esikhundleni (DS), kanye namazinga okushisa kanye nekhambi. Isisindo esiphakeme se-molecular kanye ne-DS ephezulu kuvame ukukhulisa ukubonakala kwe-CMC, ngenkathi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kanye nezimo ze-PH ezedlulele zinganciphisa ukubonana kwalo.
3. Izindlela zomphumela wezengezo ku-CMC Viscosity
3.1 I-electrolyte umphumela
Ama-electrolyte, afana nosawoti (i-NACL, KCL, CACL₂, njll.), Anganciphisa ukubonwa kwe-CMC. Ama-electrolyte ahlukanise ama-ion emanzini, angavikela ukucushwa kwamacala phakathi kwamaketanga ama-molefanel ama-cmc, anciphise ukunwetshwa kanye nokufakwa kwamaketanga ama-molecular, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukubonwa kwesixazululo.
I-Ionic Serter Effect: Ukwandisa Amandla e-Ionic kwikhambi kungaphazamisa umakhiselo kuma-molecule e-CMC, yenza buthaka ukuthuthumela phakathi kwama-molecule, yenza amaketanga ama-molelisar acwebile, futhi ngenxa yalokho anciphise ukubonwa.
Umphumela we-Multivalent Cation Effect: Isibonelo, ngokuhlanganisa amaqembu akhokhiswayo kuma-molecule amaningi we-CMC, angavuma ngempumelelo icala lokushaja kanye nefomu le-corselinks, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise i-viscosic.
3.2 Umphumela We-Organic Solvent
Ukungeza ama-sol e-organic aphansi noma angewona ama-orgar (njenge-ethanol ne-propanol) kungashintsha ubukhosi besisombululo esinamanzi futhi kunciphise ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-molecule e-CMC nama-molecule wamanzi. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-molecule e-solvent nama-molecule e-CMC nakho kungashintsha ukuvumelana kwe-chain molecular, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukubonwa.
Umphumela we-DODE: izixazululo ze-organic zingashintsha ukuhlelwa kwama-molekyuli amanzi kwikhambi, ukuze ingxenye ye-hydrophilic yama-molekyuli e-CMC isongwe yi-solvent, yenza buthaka ukunwetshwa komakethe amangqamuzana futhi kuncishiswe ukubonwa kokwenza ama-molecular futhi kuncishiswe ukubonwa.
Izinguquko ze-3.3 PH
I-CMC iyi-acid ebuthakathaka, futhi izinguquko ku-PH zingathinta isimo sayo sokukhokhisa kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-intermolecular. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-acidic, amaqembu e-carboxy kuma-molecule e-CMC awathathi hlangothi, anciphise ukuthuthukiswa kwenkokhelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukubonwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline, yize izindleko zikhuphuka, i-alkalinity eyeqile ingaholela ekunikezelweni kwe-depolymerization of the chain molecular, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukubonwa.
I-Isoelectric Point Effect: ngaphansi kwezimo eziseduzane nephuzu le-isoelectric of CMC (PH ≈ 4.5)
3.4 I-Ensymatic Hydrolysis
Ama-enzyme athile (njengeselula) angasika uchungechunge lwamangqamuzana we-CMC, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise kakhulu ukubonakala kwalo. I-Ensymatic Hydrolysis iyinqubo ekhethekile kakhulu engalawula kahle ukubonana.
Indlela ye-enzymatic hydrolysis: ama-enzyme hydrolysy ama-glycosidic bond ku-cmc ama-molecular chain, ukuze i-cmc ephezulu ye-molecular cmc ihlukaniswe ibe yizicucu ezincane, ukunciphisa ubude be-chain molecular kanye nokubonakala kwesixazululo.
4. Izithasiselo ezijwayelekile kanye nezicelo zazo
4.1 Usawoti we-Inorganic
I-Sodium Chloride (NACL): Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokudla ukuze ilungise ukuthungwa kokudla ngokunciphisa ukubonana kwesisombululo se-CMC.
I-calcium Chloride (i-CACL₂): Isetshenziswa ekubambeni uwoyela ukuze ulungise ukubonwa koketshezi lokumba, okusiza ukuthwala ukusikwa kwe-dring bese uzinza udonga kahle.
4.2 Ama-Organic Acid
I-acetic acid (acetic acid): isetshenziswe kwizimonyo ukuguqula i-viscosity ye-CMC ukuze ivumelane nokwenziwa komkhiqizo okuhlukile kanye nezidingo zemizwa.
I-citric acid: Isetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ekusebenzeni kokudla ukuze uguqule i-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity yesisombululo sokulawula ukubonana.
Izixazululo ze-4.3
I-Ethanol: isetshenziswe emikhakheni kanye nezimonyo ukuguqula i-viscosity ye-CMC ukuthola izakhiwo ezifanele zomkhiqizo.
IPropanol: Isetshenziswa ekusebenzeni kwezimboni ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwesisombululo se-CMC ukugeleza okulula nokucutshungulwa.
4.4 Enzymes
I-Celluluelese: Isetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwezindwangu ukunciphisa i-viscosity ye-slurry, ukwenza ukuhlanganisa nokuphrinta umfaniswano owengeziwe.
I-Amylase: Kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa embonini yokudla ukuze ilungise ukubonwa kwe-CMC ukuze ivumelane nezidingo zokulungisa ukudla okuhlukile.
5. Izici ezithinta ukusebenza kwezithasiselo
Ukusebenza kwezithangezo kuthinteka yizici eziningi, kufaka phakathi isisindo samangqamuzana kanye nezinga lokufaka esikhundleni se-CMC, ukugcwala kokuqala kwesixazululo, izinga lokushisa kanye nokubhekana nezinye izithako.
Isisindo samangqamuzana: I-CMC enesisindo esiphakeme samangqamuzana idinga ukugxila okuphezulu kwezithasiselo ukunciphisa kakhulu ukubonakala.
I-degree yokufakwa esikhundleni
Ukushisa: Izinga lokushisa elikhulayo livame ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezithasiselo, kepha izinga lokushisa likhulu kakhulu kungadala ukuwohloka noma ukusabela okungokwesiko.
Ukusebenzisana okuhlanganisiwe: Ezinye izithako (ezifana nezingqinamba, izinhlanzi, njll.) Kungathinta ukusebenza kahle kwezithasiselo futhi kudingeka kubhekwe kabusha.
6. Izikhombisi-ndlela zokuthuthukisa esizayo
Ucwaningo nokusetshenziswa kokwehlisa ukubonakala kwe-CMC kuqhubekela ekuqondisweni okuluhlaza nangokuzinzile. Ukuthuthukisa izithasiselo ezintsha ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu kanye nobuthi obuphansi, ukwenza ngcono izimo zokusebenzisa izithasiselo ezikhona, kanye nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanotechnology kanye nezinto zokwakha ezihlonishwayo ku-CMC Viscosing Consuretions zonke izitayela zentuthuko esizayo.
Izengezo eziluhlaza: Bheka izithasiselo ezithathwe ngokwemvelo noma ze-biodegradable ukunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo.
I-Nanotechnology: Sebenzisa indawo esebenza kahle nenqubomgomo yokuxhumana eyingqayizivele ye-nanomatadium ukulawula kahle ukubonakala kwe-CMC.
Izinto ezisabelayo ze-Smart: ukuthuthukisa izengezo ezingaphendula ekuvuseleleni kwemvelo (njengokushisa, pH, ukukhanya, njll.
Izengezo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuhlakanipha kwe-CMC. Ngokukhetha ngokukhetha kanye nokusebenzisa izengezo, izidingo zezimboni ezihlukile nemikhiqizo yabathengi zingahlangatshezwane ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kufinyelelwe intuthuko esimeme, ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele kugxile ekuthuthukisweni kwezithasiselo eziluhlaza futhi ezisebenzayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kumthethonqubo we-viscosity.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-17-2025