Udaka olumiswe ngomumo luhlukaniswe ngodaka oluxutshwe nodaka oluxutshwe nodaka olomile ngokuya ngendlela yokukhiqiza. Ingxube emanzi exutshwe namanzi ibizwa ngokuthi ngudaka oluxutshwe olumanzi, nengxube eqinile eyenziwe ngezinto zomile zibizwa ngokuthi ngodaka oluxubile. Kunezinto eziningi ezingavuthiwe ezibandakanyeka kudaka oluxutshwe ngomumo. Ngaphezu kwezinto zokwakha i-cemential, ama-aggregates, kanye nama-admixtures amaminerali, ama-admixture adinga ukungezwa ukuze athuthukise ubukhulu bawo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kanye nokungaguquguquki. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-admixtures zodaka olumiswe ngomumo, olungahlukaniswa lube yi-cellulose ether, isitashi i-ether, i-latex evuselelayo ye-latex, i-bentonite, njll. Kukhemikhali lwamakhemikhali; Ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-ejenti yokungena komoya, i-stabilizer, fiber elwa nokuqhekeka, i-retardar, i-accelerator, ukuncipha kwamanzi, ukuhlakazeka, njll. Lesi sihloko sibuyekeza i-admixtures esetshenziswayo elungiselelwe.
1 ama-admixtures ajwayelekile ngodaka olumiswe ngomumo
1.1 Umenzeli ongenisa umoya
I-ejenti yokungena komoya i-ejenti esebenzayo, futhi izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka ama-rosin resins, i-Alkyl kanye ne-ALKYL aphungekayo hydrocarbon sulfonic sulfonic sulfonic, njll. Kunamaqembu we-hydrophilic namaqembu e-hydrophobic e-agent molecule enambitha umoya. Lapho i-ejenti yokungena emoyeni ingezwe ku-datar, iqembu le-hydrophilic le-agent molecule engenele umoya i-addecule nge-cament izinhlayiya, ngenkathi iqembu le-hydrophobic lixhunywe ngama-bubble amoyeni amancane. Futhi wasatshalaliswa ngodaka, ukuze aphuze inqubo yokuqala ye-hydration ka usimende, athuthukise ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi, anciphise izinga lokungaguquguquki, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthuthukisa ukuncipha kanye nokufafaza kodaka.
Umphumela we-ejenti yokungena emoyeni ekwenzeni udaka lokufafaza olungiselelwe ngomumo, isifundo sathola ukuthi: Umenzeli ongenisa umoya wethula inani elikhulu lama-bubble omoya amancane kudaka, anciphise ukumelana nodaka, afafaze, futhi anciphise umkhathi okhangayo; Ukungezwa kwe-ejenti yokungena komoya kunciphisa ukusebenza kwamandla okuqina kwebhondi, kanye nokulahleka kokusebenza kwamandla okusebenza kwe-Tensile obulawa ngodaka kokwenyuka kokuqukethwe; Umenzeli ongenisa umoya uthuthukisa ukuvumelana, isilinganiso sokulahleka kokulahleka kokulahleka kwamanzi okugcina amanzi isilinganiso kanye nezinye izinkomba zomsebenzi zithuthukisa ukufafaza udaka ngodaka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubangela ukulahleka kwamandla acindezelayo kanye namandla odaka.
Ithonya lama-ejenti amathathu atholakalayo atholakalayo atholakalayo e-Puta ahlanganiswe ngodaka. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ngaphandle kokucabanga ngomphumela we-cellulose ether, ukwanda kwenani le-ejenti yokungena emoyeni kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ubungako obumanzi bohlobo oluxubile, nokuqukethwe kukhuphuke kakhulu, kanti amandla okugcina amanzi ancishisiwe; Futhi ngokutadisha ukuguqulwa kwe-Index ye-Performance yodaka oluhlanganiswe ne-cellulose ether kanye ne-ejenti yokungena komoya, kutholakala ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwalaba bobabili kufanele kubhekwe ngemuva kokuthi umenzeli wokufaka umoya kanye ne-cellulose ether ahlanganisiwe. I-cellulose ether ingadala ama-ejenti angena emoyeni ukuba ahluleke, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lodaka.
Ukuxubana okukodwa komenzeli ongenisa umoya, ukuncishiswa kwe-ejenti kanye nengxube yabo bobabili kunethonya elithile kwizakhiwo zodaka. UWang Quanlei uthole ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-ejenti yokungena komoya kwandisa inani le-shrinkage yodaka, kanye nokungezwa kwe-shrinkage ukunciphisa i-ejenti kunciphisa kakhulu isilinganiso se-shrinkage sodaka. Bobabili bangabambezela ukuqhekeka kwendandatho yodaka. Lapho bobabili bexutshwe, izinga lokushiswa kwe-shrinkage lodaka alishintshi okuningi, futhi ukumelana nokuqhekeka kuyathuthukiswa.
1.2 Redisperible I-Latex Powder
I-FATTEX evuselelayo ye-latex iyingxenye ebalulekile yodaka lwanamuhla lwe-powder eyomile. Kuyi-polymer enenhlangano enamanzi ekhiqizwe yi-polymer emulmer emulsion ngokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu, ukomisa, ukwelashwa komhlaba kanye nezinye izinqubo kanye nezinye izinqubo. URoger ukholelwa ukuthi i-emulsion eyakhiwe ngofulawa we-latex avuselelekayo ku-celternator ngodaka kwakha isakhiwo sefilimu yama-polymer ngaphakathi kodaka, ongathuthukisa amandla kasimende wokumelana nodaka.
Imiphumela yokucwaninga kwesicelo se-latex evuselelayo ye-latex powder ku-celter data show ekhombisa i-latex evuselelayo ye-latex powder ingathuthukisa ukuqina nokuqina kwezinto zokwakha, futhi ibe nomphumela wokunciphisa amanzi ahlanganisiwe. Iqembu lakhe lahlola umphumela wohlelo lwelapha emandleni e-Tensale Bonding Amandla Odaka, futhi wafinyelela esiphethweni esifanayo sokuthi udaka olungafani ne-latex lwenza ukuthi kuguqulwe kwemvelo okuvikelelwe izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Sisebenzise i-XCT ukutadisha umphumela wezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-awder enjoloba ekwakheni i-pore dengwane, futhi wakholelwa ukuthi uma iqhathaniswa ngodaka olujwayelekile, inani lezimbobo kanye nevolumu yezimbobo ngodaka oluningi lwalukhudlwana.
Amabanga ahlukene kanye namanani e-adnofidified powder elungisiwe akhethiwe ukuvivinya ukuthonya kwabo ekwenzeni udaka lwamanzi. Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisile ukuthi lapho inani le-ruble powder elungisiwe lisebangeni le-1.0% liye ku-1.5%, ukusebenza kwamabanga ahlukene kafulawa werabha kwakulimele. . Ngemuva kokuthi i-latex ye-latex ye-latex ye-latex yengezwa kuso usimende, izinga lokuqala le-hydration lika usimende libambezela phansi, ifilimu le-polymer lisonga izinhlayiya zosekhukhwini, usimende ugcwele ama-hydrate, futhi kwathuthukiswa. Ngokucwaninga, kutholakala ukuthi ukuxuba i-latex powder evuselelayo ku-centsing usimende kunganciphisa amanzi, futhi i-latex powder kanye nesimende kungakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi ukuthuthukisa amandla ebhondi, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kodaka.
Umphumela wokuguqulwa we-redisperible powder ye-latex ye-latex yezakhiwo zodaka lwe-ultra-sand usimende ka-Ultra-Fine. Ocwaningweni, isilinganiso esinqunyelwe se-lime-sand singu-1: 2.5, ukuvumelana kungukuthi (70 ± 5) mm, kanye nenani le-Rubber powder likhethwe yi-sem, kanti imiphumela ye-microscopic yahlaziywa yi-set setlex, kanti imiphumela ye-polymer yasungulwa ngaphezulu Umkhiqizo we-Mortar Hydration, futhi okungcono ukusebenza kodaka.
Umshini wokwenza i-latex ye-latex evuselelayo ku-litar ye-eps insulation, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ngemuva kokuthi ihlanganiswe nosimende we-centy, kanye nokwenza ungqimba oluphelele ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-hydration kanye nokwenza umsebenzi wokwakha izibopho zokufakwa kwezibopho.
1.3 i-powder ethambile
Umsebenzi we-powder wokuqina ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele kodaka. Kuyinto engabangeli i-powder impahla elungiselelwe kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo ze-inorganic, ama-arganic polymers, ama-surfactants nezinye izinto ezikhethekile. I-Scicing Powder ifaka i-latex ye-latex evuselelayo, i-bentonite, i-inorganic mineral powder, i-terwener egcina amanzi, njll. Ukuhambisana kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka. Sifunde umphumela we-HJ-C2 Shidepen Powder ezizakhiweni zodaka zodaka olujwayelekile, futhi imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-purda ethambile inomphumela wokuguquguquka okujwayelekile, futhi inomphumela omuhle ngezinga elihlanganisiwe lomphumela wokuthuthuka komoya. Ithonya lokuqina kwe-powder kanye nezakhi ezahlukahlukene kwizinkomba zomzimba nezemishini nokuqina kodaka olusha ngaphansi kwemithamo ehlukene. Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi ukusebenziseka kodaka okusha kwenziwe ngcono kakhulu ngenxa yokwengeza i-powder eqinile. Ukufakwa kwe-latex ye-latex ye-latex evuselelayo kuthuthukisa amandla aguqukayo odaka futhi kunciphise amandla acindezelayo odaka, kanye nokufakwa kwama-cellulose ether kanye nezinto zokwakha ama-inOllule Ukuqina kodaka olomile kuthintekile, olukhulisa ukushwabana kodaka. Umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwe-bentonite ne-cellulose ether kwizinkomba zokusebenza kodaka olumisiwe, ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kukadaka, kuphetha ukuthi inani elifanele le-cellulose ether line-cellulose ether ye-0.05% yenani lezinto eziphelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-powder ehlanganisiwe exutshwe nalaba bobabili inomthelela ongcono ekusebenzeni okuphelele kodaka.
1.4 cellulose ether
I-Cellulose Ether yaqhamuka encazelweni yezindonga zeseli zezitshalo nguM Farmer Farmer Anselmem Payon ngawo-1830s. Kwenziwa ngokuphendula iselula ngokhuni nakotini nge-caustic soda, bese wengeza i-ejenti yokusheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ngoba i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle nokuqina kwemiphumela, engeza inani elincane le-cellulose ether to cement kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okusebenzayo kodaka olusanda kuhlanganiswa. In cement-based materials, the commonly used varieties of cellulose ether include methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether are the most commonly used.
I-Hydroxypropylylylylylylylylylylyllose cellulose ether (HPMC) inethonya elikhulu olwela uketshezi, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye namandla ofakazi ngodaka oluzimele. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, yehlisa ukuvumelana kodaka, futhi idlale umphumela omuhle wokubuyisa; Lapho inani le-hydroxyproppropylyl etr liphakathi kuka-0.02% no-0.04%,, amandla odaka ancishiswa kakhulu. UXu Fenlian waxoxa ngethonya le-hydrocarbon proplt methyl cellulose ether ekusebenzeni ngodaka oluxutshwe ngodaka ngohlobo lwe-hydrocarbon proplm methyl celtulose ether. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether idlala umphumela ongenisa umoya futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka. Ukugcinwa kwalo kwamanzi kunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kodaka nokwandisa isikhathi esisebenzayo sodaka. Kuyisengezo sangaphandle esingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kodaka. Ngesikhathi senqubo yocwaningo, kwatholakala futhi ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu, uma kungenjalo kuzoholela ekukhuphukeni okukhulu kokuqukethwe komoya, okuphoqelekile ukuncipha kanye nomthelela kwikhwalithi yodaka. Umphumela we-cellulose ether ezizakhiweni zodaka olumiswe ngomumo. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kunomthelela omkhulu oncishisiwe wamanzi odongeni. I-cellulose ether ingaphinde yenze ingxube yodaka yehle usizi, isikhathi eside sokusetha, inciphise amandla aguqukayo nawacindezelayo. I-Cellulose Ether kanye nesitashi ether kuyizinhlobo ezimbili ze-admixtures ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-zokwakha udaka. Umphumela walaba bobabili ahlanganiswe nodaka oluxutshwe ngodaka ngokusebenza kodaka. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yalaba bobabili ingathuthukisa kakhulu amandla ebhondi lodaka.
Izazi eziningi zifunde ithonya le-cellulose ether ngamandla kasimende, kepha ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ze-cellulose ether, amapharamitha ama-molefanelar ahlukile, okuholela emehluko omkhulu ekwenzeni udaka kasimende oguquliwe. Umphumela wokuvuleka kanye nomthamo we-cellulose ether ezingxenyeni zemishini ze-cement slurry. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi amandla kasimende kasimende aguqulwa nge-cellulose ether nge-viscosity ephezulu aphansi, futhi amandla acindezelayo e-clemende slurry akhombisa ukwanda okukhulu komthamo we-cellulose ether. Umkhuba wokuncipha futhi ekugcineni uzinza, ngenkathi amandla aguqukayo ekhombisa inqubo eshintshayo yokwanda, incipha, ezinzile futhi yanda kancane.
2 Epilogue
. Kusekhona ukuntuleka kokuhlaziywa kwenani lomphumela wokufakwa kwe-admixtures ekubumbeni kwamangqamuzana kwezinto zokwenziwa kokhonkolo, ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuxhuma okuxhumeka, kanye nenqubo ye-hydrate.
(2) Umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kufanele uqokonyiswe kuhlelo lokusebenza lobunjiniyela. Njengamanje, ukuhlaziya okuningi kusakhawulelwe ekuhlaziyeni kwelebhu. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Wall Substrates, ubulukhuni bendawo, ukumuncwa kwamanzi, njll. Yiba nezidingo ezihlukile kwizinkomba zomzimba zodaka olumiswe ngomumo oluhlanganisiwe. Izinkathi ezahlukahlukene, amazinga okushisa, isivinini somoya, amandla emishini esetshenzisiwe nezindlela zokusebenza, njll. Bonke bathinta ngqo udaka lwangaphambi kokuxutshwa. Umphumela wokuxuba udaka. Ukuze uzuze umphumela wokusebenzisa okuhle ku-Engineering, udaka oluselungiselelwe kufanele luhlukaniswe ngokuphelele, futhi ukucushwa komugqa wokukhiqiza nezidingo zezindleko zefomula yelebhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokugcwele, ukuze kufezeke kahle.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-21-2025