Udaka lwangaphambi kokuxutshwa lungahlukaniswa ngodaka oluxubile oluhlanganisiwe nodaka olomile olomile ngokuya ngemodi yokukhiqiza. Udaka olumanzi oluhlanganisiwe olwakhiwe ngokungezwa kwamanzi lubizwa ngokuthi yi-wald exubile ngodaka, nengxube eqinile eyakhiwe ngokuxuba izinto zomile ezixubile zibizwa ngokuthi ngodaka oluhlanganisiwe olomile. Kunezinto eziningi ezingavuthiwe ezibandakanyeka kudaka oluxutshwe ngomumo. Ngaphezu kwezinto zokwakha i-cemential, ama-aggregates kanye nama-mineral admixtures, ama-admixtures kufanele angezelwe ukuthuthukisa ubukhulu bawo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukungaguquguquki nezinye izakhiwo. Kunezengezo eziningi ngodaka olumiswe ngomumo, olungahlukaniswa lube yi-cellulose ether, isitashi ether, i-latex evuselelayo ye-latex, i-bentonite nokunye okuvela kukhemikhali lamakhemikhali. Ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-ejenti yokufaka umoya, i-stabilizer, i-fiber elwa nama-fiber, i-ejenti yokubuyisa, ukusheshisa i-ejenti, amanzi anciphisa i-ejenti, ahlakazekile njalo. Leli phepha libuyekeza inqubekela phambili yocwaningo yama-admixtures amaningana asetshenziswa kudaka ngodaka olumiswe ngomumo.
1.1 Umenzeli ongenisa umoya
Umenzeli wokufaka umoya uluhlobo lwe-ejenti esebenzayo, izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zeRosin Resin, i-Alkyl ne-ALKYL aphungelayo i-sulfonic acid. Ama-molecule e-agent afaka umoya ngamaqembu e-hydrophilic namaqembu we-hydrophobic, lapho uMdumbu efaka i-ejenti yokungena emoyeni, ama-hydrophobic ama-bubble axhumene ne-tydry, ukuze asatshalaliswe ku-hydrate yokuqala ye-clement, athuthukise Ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, kunciphise izinga lokulahleka kokuvumelana, ama-bub Bubble amancane angagcoba indima ngasikhathi sinye, uthuthukise ukupompa nokufafaza ngodaka nokufafaza kodaka.
Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-agent engenile yomoya ingenisa inani elikhulu lama-bubble amancane kudaka, okuthuthukisa ukusebenziseka kodaka, kunciphisa ukumelana nenqubo yokumpompa nokufafaza, futhi kunciphisa umkhathi wokuphampula. Ukungezwa komenzeli wokufaka umoya kunciphisa amandla amabhondi ashubile odaka, kanye nokulahleka kwamandla e-tensile bond kukhuphuka ngokwanda komthamo. Umenzeli wokufaka umoya ungathuthukisa ukuvumelana kukadaka, isilinganiso sokulahleka kokulahlekelwa kwamanzi kanye nezinga lokugcina amanzi, futhi uthuthukise ukufafaza nokupompa ukusebenza kodaka lokufafaza ngomshini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubangela ukulahleka kwamandla acindezelayo kadaka kanye namandla e-bond.
Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ngaphandle kokucabanga ngomphumela we-cellulose ether, ukukhuphuka komenzeli ongenisa umoya kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ubungako obumanzi bohlobo oluhlanganisiwe lodaka, nokuqukethwe komoya kukhuphuke kakhulu, kanti amandla okugcina amanzi ancishisiwe. Ngokutadisha ukuguqulwa kwe-Index ye-Performation of udaka kuxutshwe ne-cellulose ether kanye nomenzeli wokufaka umoya, kutholakala ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwe-ejenti yokufaka umoya kanye ne-cellulose ether kufanele kubhekwe ngemuva kokuxubana. I-Cellulose Ether ingaholela ekwehlulekeni komenzeli othile ongenisa umoya, ukuze izinga lokugcina amanzi lincipha.
Ukusebenza kodaka kuthonywa yingxube ye-ejenti yokufaka umoya kanye nokunciphisa i-ejenti. UWang Quanlei uthole ukuthi ukufakwa komoya ongenisa umoya kwandise inani le-shrinkage yodaka, kanye nokufakwa kwe-shrinkage ukunciphisa i-ejenti kunciphise isilinganiso se-shrinkage sodaka, zombili ezingabambezela ukuqhekeka kwendandatho yodaka. Lapho bobabili bexutshwe, izinga lokushiswa kwe-shrinkage alishintshi okuningi, futhi ukumelana nokuqhekeka kuyathuthukiswa.
1.2 Redisperible I-Latex Powder
I-FATTEX evuselelayo ye-latex iyingxenye ebalulekile yodaka lwanamuhla lwe-powder eyomile. I-polymer enenhlangano esondelana yamanzi eyenziwe nge-polymer emulsion ngokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu, yomiswa okufafaza, ukwelashwa komhlaba kanye nezinye izinqubo kanye nezinye izinqubo. URoger ukholelwa ukuthi i-emulsion eyakhiwe ngofulawa we-latex avuselelekayo ku-usimende kasimende ingakha ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-polymer ngaphakathi kodaka, ongathuthukisa amandla kasimende wokumelana nodaka.
Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-latex evuselelayo ye-latex ingathuthukisa ukuqina nokuqina kokuqukethwe, ithuthukise ukusebenza kokugeleza kodaka olusha, futhi inomphumela othile wokunciphisa amanzi. Iqembu lakhe lahlola umphumela wohlelo lwelapha emandleni e-Tensale Bonding Amandla Odonga futhi afinyelela esiphethweni esifanayo ne-Yoshihiko Ohama, ukuthi i-latex powder ingahlakazeka ukuze iguqulwe yemvelo yokuvunyelwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama. UWang ufingqa futhi usebenzise ithonya lezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-powders anama-poresi aguqulwe ekwakhiweni kwezokwakheka, futhi wakholelwa ukuthi udaka olushintshiwe lwalukhulu ngaphandle kwenani lezimbobo kanye nenani lezimbobo.
Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi lapho umthamo we-ruble powder elungisiwe ngu-1.0% ~ 1.5%, izakhiwo zamabanga ahlukene kafulawa werabha alinganiselwe. Ngemuva kokungeza i-latex ye-latex ye-latex evuselelekile ku-cents, izinga lokuqala le-hydration lika usimende lincipha, izinhlayiya zensimbi zimbozwe nge-polymer film, kanti nosimende kugcwele ama-hydrate, futhi izakhiwo zithuthukiswa ngokuphelele, futhi izakhiwo zithuthukiswa.
Ngocwaningo, kutholakala ukuthi i-powder evuselelayo ye-latex exutshwe nodaka kasimende ingadlala indima ekwehliseni amanzi, futhi i-towx ye-latex kanye nosimende ingakha igebe lokukhulisa amandla ebhondi, futhi athuthukise ukusebenza ngodaka.
Esifundweni, isilinganiso esinqunyelwe sikasimende-sand sasingu-1: 2.5, ukuvumelana kwakungu (70 ± 5) mm, kanye nenani lokuxuba le-rubber powder kukhethwe njengo-0-3% wesisindo sesihlabathi sikasimende. Izinguquko ezikwizakhiwo ezingama-microscopic ezingama-28D zodaka olushintshiwe zihlaziywa yi-SEM. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi inani eliphakeme le-attach powder evuselelwayo, ifilimu eqhubekayo ye-polymer yakhiwa ngaphezulu kwemikhiqizo ye-hydration yodaka, futhi kube ngcono ngodaka kodaka.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ngemuva kokuxubana nosimende kasimende, izinhlayiya ze-polymer kanye nosimende setha, ukwakha isakhiwo esiphelele senqubo ye-hydration, ukuze kuthuthukise kakhulu amandla e-bond tensile kanye noMonga woMfakeli wokwakha.
1.3 Ukuqina kwe-powder
Umsebenzi wokuqina we-powder ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele kodaka, okwenziwe ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokusebenza ze-inorganic, ama-argaymermers, ama-surfactants nezinye izinto ezikhethekile. I-powder ekhulayo ifaka i-latex evuselelayo ye-latex, i-bentonite, i-inorganic mineral powder, i-water-ebambe umphumela kuma-molecule wamanzi omzimba, kodwa futhi inokuhambisana okuhle nezinhlobo zonke zomayela, ezingathuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zodaka. I-CAO CHUN et al.] Ufunde umphumela we-HJ-C2 Counting Powder kwizimo zodaka ezixubile, futhi imiphumela yakhombisa ukuthi amandla okuqina anomphumela wokuguquguquka okujwayelekile, kepha waba nomthelela ongcono ngezinga lokuhlukunyezwa kodaka. I-powder edumile edumile yafundwa ngaphansi kwemithamo ehlukene yezakhi nezinkomba zomzimba nezemishini, ukuqina kodaka olusha lwemiphumela ekhombisa ukuthuthuka okunzima, ukukhishwa kwamandla acindezelayo odaka, ukufakwa kwamaminerali we-cellulose ether kanye ne-inorganic Izinto zokwakha zenza amandla acindezelayo futhi aguquguqukayo wokuncipha kodaka. Zonke izakhi zinomthelela ekunciphiseni kodaka owomile, futhi zenze i-shrinkage yokwanda kodaka. Wang Jun, njenge-Bentonite ne-cellulose ether yafundwa ngemuva kwayo yonke inkomba yokuhlangana elungiselelwe ngo-7 / M3, okuqukethwe okungcono kwe-kento, okuqukethwe kwethonya lethonya elihlanganisiwe ekusebenzeni okuphelele kodaka okungcono.
1.4 cellulose ether
I-Cellulose Afers isuselwa encazelweni yodonga lweseli lwesitshalo yi-French Actorian Anselme Payon ngawo-1830s. Kwenziwa ngokuphendula iselula ngokhuni nakwekotini nge-caustic soda bese wengeza ama-ejenti wokuphenya. Ngoba i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kahle kwamanzi, umphumela wokuqina, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokungeza inani elincane le-cellulose ether ku usimende, kungadlala indima ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kodaka olusha. In cement-based materials, cellulose ether commonly used varieties include methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC), among which hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether are okusetshenziswa kakhulu.
Kutholakale ukuthi i-Hydroxypropyllyllose ether (HPMC) inethonya elikhulu ku-fluidity, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye namandla ebhondi wodaka oluzimele. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngodaka, yehlisa ukuvumelana kodaka, futhi idlale umphumela omuhle wokubuyisa. Lapho inani le-hydroxyproppropyllylylylylyllyllosel ether liphakathi kuka-0.02% no-0.04%, amandla odaka ngokusobala ancishiswa. Ngokusekelwe ekushintsheni kokuqukethwe kwePropltyl Multuleose Ether, umphumela weProplty Methyl Cellulose Ether on the Fised ngodaka ngodaka olumiswe ngomumo. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether inomphumela womoya ongenayo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kodaka, futhi ukugcinwa kwalo kwamanzi kunciphisa izinga lokuphazamiseka kodaka nokwenza isikhathi sokusebenza kodaka. Kungukuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi okuqukethwe yi-cellulose ether akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu, okuzoholela ekukhulisweni okukhulu kokuqukethwe kwegesi ngodaka, okuholela ekwehliseni kwabantu, ukulahlekelwa amandla kanye nomthelela kwikhwalithi yodaka. Zhan Zhenfeng et al. wafunda ithonya le-cellulose ether ezizakhiweni zodaka lwangaphambi kokuxutshwa. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kwathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngodaka kodaka, futhi kwaba nethonya lokuncipha kwamanzi okusobala ngodaka. I-Celsulose Ether ibuye inciphise ubuntu bukadaka lokuxubha, isikhathi eside isikhathi sokusetha, futhi inciphise amandla aguqukayo nangokucindezela. I-Cellulose Ether kanye ne-Starch Ether kuyizinhlobo ezimbili zama-admixture asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni kodaka. Umphumela wokufakwa kwabo okuhlanganisiwe odongeni olomile oluhlanganisiwe ezinhlakeni zodaka zifundwe. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwabo okuhlanganisiwe kungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla ebhondi olwa.
Izazi eziningi zifunde ithonya le-cellulose ether ngamandla kasimende kasimende. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ze-cellulose ether kanye namapharamitha ahlukile ama-molecular, ukusebenza kosimende kasimende oguquliwe kuyehluka kakhulu. U-Ou zhihua celsulose ether wafundwa njengokubonakala kanye nomthamo ekuziphatheni kwemishini ye-slurry, ngokwemiphumela, amandla okusobala we-cellulose ether eshiywe, amandla ashukumisayo, amandla ashukumisayo e-cellulose ether
Isiphetho 2
. Kusekhona ukuntuleka kokuhlaziywa kwenani ngomphumela wokuhlanganiswa kokuguqulwa kwe-molecular kokushintsha kwezinto zokwakha amasimende, ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuxhumanisa kokuxhumana kanye nenqubo ye-hydration.
(2) Umphumela wokusebenzisa wokuhlanganiswa kufanele uqokonyiswe kwizicelo zobunjiniyela, eziningi zokuhlaziya zamanje zisakhawulelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwelebhu. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zodonga substrate, izinga lobulukhuni lobumbano futhi isilinganiso sokufakwa kwamanzi banezidingo ezihlukile kwizinkomba ezibonakalayo zodaka olumiswe ngodaka olulodwa. Izinkathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka, izinga lokushisa, isivinini somoya, amandla emishini esetshenzisiwe kanye nendlela yokusebenza ngqo kuthinta umphumela wokusetshenziswa kodaka oluselungiselelwe. Ukuze uzuze umphumela omuhle wokusebenzisa ubunjiniyela, udaka olulodwa olumiswe kahle kufanele lube design ngokuphelele futhi lube ngumuntu uqobo, bese ubheka ngokugcwele izidingo zokulungiswa komugqa webhizinisi lokukhiqiza nezindleko, ukuqinisekiswa kokukhiqizwa kwefomula yelebhu, ukuze kufezeke ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-20-2025