(RDP) Kusho ukuthini ukuqondisa kabusha?

Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kubhekisele emandleni okuqukethwe okuqinile (imvamisa nge-powder noma ifomu le-granular) ukuze kuhlakazeke kalula ku-liquid medium futhi kwakha ukumiswa okuzinzile noma ukuhlakazeka. Le mpahla ibaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezinjengezimboni ezinjengemithi, ukwakhiwa, ubumba - ubumba kanye nezolimo, lapho ama-powers noma ama-granule adinga ukuxutshwa kalula noketshezi ukuze kwakhiwe izixazululo ze-homogeneous, ukumiswa noma ama-emulsions. Ama-powders aqampulwe kabusha (ama-RDPs) asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezivela ekuqalisweni kwemithi ezintweni zokwakha, enikeza izinzuzo ezinjengokuphathwa okuthuthukile.

1. ISINGENISO SOKUTHOLAKALA:
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kuyindawo ebalulekile yezinto zokwakha eziqinile, ikakhulukazi ama-powders noma ama-granules, anquma amandla abo okusabalalisa ngokulingana emhlanganweni ophakathi nendawo ngemuva kokwenza ngcono kabusha. Leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini lapho kuhlakazeka khona okusebenzayo kwezinto eziqinile ku-matrix ewuketshezi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo nasekusebenzeni. Kuboniswa amandla abo okwenza ukumiswa okuqinile noma ukusatshalaliswa okuqinile lapho kuthintana namanzi, amapopi abuyiselwe kabusha adlala indima ebalulekile kuma-application amaningi, kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwemithi, amakhemikhali wokwakha, ama-ceramics kanye ne-agrochemicals.

2. Ukubaluleka kokuhlehlisa:
Ukubaluleka kokuphindisela kweziqu kusuka kumthelela wayo ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo, ukuphatha nokugcina. Ngaphesheya kwezimboni, amandla okuguqula izinto eziqinile kube ukwakhiwa koketshezi kusiza ukucubungula okulula, ukunemba okuthuthukile kwe-dosing, ukuqina okuthuthukile kanye nokusebenza okungcono. Izimboni ezibalulekile ezizuzayo ezivela kumapokisi abukezayo zifaka:

A. Isidakamizwa:
Emalungiseleleni amakhambi, ama-powders avuselelayo angalungiselela ukumiswa, amafomu ama-emulsion noma amafomu okubuyisa ama-dosage, anezinzuzo ze-bioavailability ezithuthukisiwe, ukukhishwa okulawulwayo kanye nokwenza isiguli.

b. Yakha:
Embonini yezokwakha, amapopi avuselelayo asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kodaka owomile ukwenza ngcono ukunamathela, ukuguquguquka nokumelana kwamanzi. Lawa ma-powder asiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenziseka kanye nokwenza kahle izinto zokwakha i-cementional, kusiza ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo eqinile nekhwalithi ephezulu.

C. ceramics:
Ezinamatheli ama-tile kanye nama-grouts, amapopi avuselelayo asetshenziswa njengezengezo zokuthuthukisa amandla e-bond, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka. Badlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo ze-rheological kanye nokunamathela zokwakhiwa kwe-ceramic.

d. Amakhemikhali Ezolimo:
Ama-powders abukezayo angasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-agrochemical okufana nemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, ukumbona imbewu kanye nezithasizo zomanyolo. Lawa ma-powder asiza ukusakaza izithako ezisebenzayo ngokulinganayo, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwezolimo.

3. Izici ezithinta okubusayo:
Kunezici eziningana zithonya ukudicilela phansi kwezinto eziqinile zokubabaza, kufaka phakathi izakhiwo zempuphu, izici ze-liquid medium, kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwe-powder noketshezi. Izici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukuphindisela zifaka:

A. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ne-morphology:
Ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana kanye ne-morphology of powders eziqinile kuthinta kakhulu ukubuyiselwa kwabo. Ubukhulu obuncane bezinhlayiyana kanye ne-morphology eyi-spherical ngokuvamile ukukhuthaza ukusakazeka okungcono nokubuyiselwa kwemali ngenxa yendawo ekhuphukayo yendawo futhi inciphise ukuthambekela kokugqekeza.

b. I-Surface Chemistry:
I-chemistry engaphezulu yezinhlayiya eziqinile, kufaka phakathi amaqembu asebenzayo, ukushaja okungaphezulu, kanye nezakhiwo ze-hydrophobic / hydrophilic, zithinta ukusebenzisana kwazo ngemidiya ewuketshezi. Amasu wokuguqulwa komhlaba afana nokuxhunyelelwa, ukunamathela, noma ukufunwa kwemali kungasetshenziselwa ukulungisa izakhiwo ezingaphezulu futhi kuthuthukise ukubuyiselwa kwemali.

C. Ukuxhumana okuqinile okuwuketshezi:
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya eziqinile kanye ne-Liquid Medium kudlala indima ebalulekile ekubuseni kabusha. Izici ezifana nokumanzisa, ama-adsorption, ukuchitheka kanye ne-hydration kinetics zinomthelela ekuziphatheni okuhlukile nokuqina kokumiswa noma ukuhanjiswa okuholela.

d. Izithako zefomula:
Ukuba khona kwezakhi zokwakheka ezinjenge-surfactants, ama-dispersants, ama-polymers kanye nokuzigcina kungathinta ukuphindisela okuvuselelayo ngokushintsha ukungezwani kwezingcweti, izimbotshana ze-rheological kanye nokuqina kwe-colloidal. Idizayini eyakheka kahle kakhulu kubalulekile ukufeza izakhiwo ezifiselekayo zokubuyisa.

e. Izimo Zokugcina:
Izimo zokugcina, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokupakisha, kungathinta ukuphinda kubuyiselwe ama-powders aqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izindlela zokugcina ezifanele ziyadingeka ukunciphisa ukonakala, ukuqubuka, noma i-agglomeration, okungaphazamisa ukuphinda kube nokuhleka kabusha.

4. Izindlela zokuhlola okubusayo:
Izindlela ezahlukahlukene ziyatholakala ukuhlola okubuyiselwayo kwezinto eziqinile zokubopha, ezisukela ekuboneni okulula okubonakalayo kuya kumasu wokuhlaziya ama-polistical. Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka:

A. ISIVIVINYO:
Ukubhekwa okubonakalayo kokuziphatha okuhlaselwayo, kufaka phakathi ukumazi, ukuvuvukala, ukuguquguquka, ukuxazulula, nokuhlunga, kunganikeza ukuqondisisa okufanelekile ekuvuseleleni kabusha.

b. Inani lokukhokha:
Ukukalwa kokuxazulula ivolumu noma ukulungisa izinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungakhombisa ukuqina kanye nokufana kwesigaba esihlakazekile, ngamanani aphansi wokuxazulula okubonisa ukubuyiselwa okungcono.

C. Ukuhlaziywa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana:
Amasu wokuhlaziya usayizi wezinhlayiyana afana nokwehluka kwe-laser, ukusakazeka okukhanyayo okunamandla (ama-DLS) noma ama-microscopy anciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana futhi ahlole izinga le-agglomeration noma lokuhlakazeka.

d. Izakhiwo ze-Rheological:
Izilinganiso ze-Rheological, kufaka phakathi i-viscosity, ukuveza ukucindezela, i-Thixotropy, nokuziphatha okugelezayo, kungacacisa ama-kinetics wokuhambisa, ukuqina, kanye nezimpawu zokugeleza kokwakheka okulungisiwe.

e. Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali:
Amasu wokuhlaziywa ngamakhemikhali afana ne-penier Transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), i-X-RAY CAFTRACTION (XRD) noma i-Directial Scan Calorimetry (DSC) anganikeza ukuqonda ekusebenzisaneni kwamangqamuzana, izinguquko zesigaba kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali.

5. Amasu okuthuthukisa ukukhishwa kabusha:
Ukwenza ngcono ukubekeka kabusha kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqinile zokubopha, amasu ahlukahlukene angaqashwa, kufaka phakathi ukusebenza kahle kwendlela, ubunjiniyela bezinhlayiyana, ukuguqulwa komhlaba, kanye nokucubungula izinto ezintsha. Amasu asemqoka afaka:

A. Ukuncishiswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana:
Ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ngokugaya, amasu ama-micron noma ama-nanotechnology akhulisa indawo engaphezulu futhi akhuthaze amanzi asheshayo kanye nokuhlakazeka kwemidiya ewuketshezi.

b. Ukuguqulwa komhlaba:
Amasu wokuguqulwa komhlaba, njengokuchomisa kwesifutho, ukugcotshwa kwesifutho, ukufakwa kombhede wamanzi noma ukuxhumeka kwamakhemikhali, kungashintsha umphenyi we-chemistry kanye ne-morphology yezinhlayiya eziqinile ukuze uthuthukise ukubuyiselwa kwabo.

C. Ukusebenziseka kabusha kwe-Recipe:
Ukwenza kahle ukwakheka kwekwakheka ngokufaka ama-surfiants, ama-dispersants, ama-polymers kanye nokuqina kungathuthukisa ukuma kwamanzi, ukusakazeka kanye nokuqina kwe-colloidal, okuholela ekuhlelweni okungcono.

d. I-Encapsurtion:
Izinhlayiya eziqinile ezihlanganisa ama-microcapsops noma ama-nanoparticles zibavikela kusuka ku-agglomeration, umswakama kanye nokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela kugcina ukubuyiselwa kwabo esikhathini eside.

e. Icubungula Ukuqamba:
Amasu wokucubungula amasha afana nobuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu bamanzi, i-electrospinning noma ama-microfluidics anikela ithuba lokukhiqiza ama-powders abukezayo anezakhiwo eziklanyelwe kanye nokuphindwaphindwa okuthuthukisiwe.

Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kuyindawo esemqoka yezinto eziqinile zokubopha okuthinta ukungafani kwazo, ukuqina kanye nokusebenza kokwakheka koketshezi. Ukuqonda izici ezithonya okubusayo, ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokuhlola, kanye nokusebenzisa amasu okuthuthukisa kubalulekile ekwakheni ama-powders abukezayo ngezakhiwo ezifiselekayo kuyo yonke imboni. Ngokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwethu nobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, singavula amathuba amasha okusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko yomkhiqizo ethuthuka