Imiphumela ye-hydroxypropyllylylm methylcellulose (HPMC)

Imiphumela ye-hydroxypropyllykylm methylcellulose (HPMC) ekusebenzeni kwezakhiwo zenhlama efriziwe nezinqubo ezihlobene
Ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo zokucubungula zenhlama eqandisiwe kunokubaluleka okuthile okusebenzayo kokulungiselela ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwesinkwa esisezingeni eliphakeme. Kulolu cwaningo, uhlobo olusha lwe-hydrophilic colloid (hydroxypropyll methylcellulose, yang, MC) yasetshenziswa kwinhlama eqandisiwe. Imiphumela engu-0.5%, 1%, 2%) kwizakhiwo ezisebenzayo zenhlama eqandisiwe nekhwalithi yesinkwa esintshontshiwe kwahlolwa ukuze kuhlolwe umphumela wokuthuthuka kwe-HPMC. Ithonya ekwakhiweni nasezakhiweni zezakhi (Gluten kakolweni, isitashi sikakolweni kanye nemvubelo).
Imiphumela yokuhlola yokukhanya kanye nokwelula ikhombise ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kuthuthukise izakhiwo zokucubungula kwenhlama, futhi imiphumela yokuskena imvamisa eshukumisayo ikhombisile ukuthi isakhiwo senhlama yenhlama sishintshe kancane, futhi isakhiwo senhlama yenhlama sahlala sizinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo, ivolumu ethile kanye nokuqina kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe kwathuthukiswa, futhi ubunzima buncishisiwe ngemuva kokuthi inhlama eqandisiwe ingezwe nge-2% HPMC yaqandekile izinsuku ezingama-20.
Ukolweni Gluten yisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo senhlama yenethiwekhi. Izivivinyo zithole ukuthi ukwengeza kwe-I - IPMC kunciphise ukwephulwa kwama-yd kanye nezibopho ze-dilelfide phakathi kwamaprotheni kakolweni we-Gluten ngesikhathi sokugcina okuqandisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yokwakheka kwamandla kazibuthe zenuzi okuphansi kanye nokuskena okuhlukile kwenguquko yombuso wamanzi kanye ne-recrystallization penomena kukhawulelwe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kucindezela umphumela wokukhula kwe-crystal ye-ice kwi-gluten microssucture kanye ne-conforation yayo yendawo. Ukuskena ama-lecronnorcroprop we-elektroni akhonjiswe ngokuqondile ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungagcina ukuqina kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gluten.
Isitashi yinto enkulu eyomile enhlama yenhlama, futhi izinguquko esakhiweni sazo zizothinta ngqo izici ze-gelatilization kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. X. Imiphumela yokuphazamiseka kwe-X-RAY ne-DSC ikhombise ukuthi i-Crystallity ye-Starch ye-Starch inyukile kanye ne-gelatimization enthalpy inyuke ngemuva kokugcinwa okuqandisiwe. Ngokwanda kwesikhathi sokugcina eqandisiwe, amandla okuvuvukala kwesitashi ngaphandle kokungezwa kwe-hpmc kwehle kancane kancane, ngenkathi i-Starch gelatinization izici (ukubonwa okuncane, inani lokugcina, inani lokugcina, inani lokubola kanye nenani lokubuyisela emuva) konke kukhuphuke kakhulu; Ngesikhathi sesitoreji, uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, ushintsho lwesakhiwo se-starch crystal kanye nezindawo ze-gelatilization kancane zehla kancane kancane.
Umsebenzi wokukhiqiza we-Fermentation yemvubelo enethonya elibalulekile kwikhwalithi yemikhiqizo kafulawa ebilisiwe. Ngokuhlola, kwatholakala ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungagcina kangcono umsebenzi we-glutathione we-glutathione ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60.
Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi i-HPMC ingangezwa kwinhlama eqandisiwe njengohlobo olusha lwe-cryproprectant ukuze uthuthukise izakhiwo zalo zokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yesinkwa esintshontshiwe.
Amagama asemqoka: isinkwa esintshontshiwe; inhlama eqandisiwe; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; ukolweni gluten; Isitashi sikakolweni; imvubelo.
Okuqukethwe
Isahluko 1 Isingeniso .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1.1 Isimo samanje socwaningo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ...........................................................................
1.1.1 Isingeniso seMansuiqi .......................................................................................................................................
1.1.2 Isimo sokucwaninga sama-buns antshontshiwe ........................................................................................ . ............ 1
1.1.3 Isingeniso senhlama efriziwe ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1.1.4 Izinkinga nezinselelo zenhlama efriziwe .................................................................................
1.1.5 Isimo sokucwaninga senhlama eqandisiwe ................................................ ....................................................... 4
1.1.6 Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hydrocolloids ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yenhlama efriziwe ................... .5
1.1.7 I-hydroxypropyllyll methyl cellulose (i-hydroxypropyll methyl cellulose, i-IPMC) .......... Okuthengwa edolo
112 Inhloso nokubaluleka kwesifundo .................................................................................................................................
1.3 Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kocwaningo .................................................................................................................................
Imiphumela yeSahluko 2 sokungezelwa kwe-HPMC ngezindawo zokucubungula zenhlama efriziwe nekhwalithi yesinkwa esintshontshiwe .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2.1 ISINGENISO .........................................................................................................................................................................................................
2.2 Izinto zokuhlola nezindlela .................................................................................................................................
2.2.1 Izinto zokuhlola ...........................................................................................................................................................................
2.2.2 Amathuluzi okuhlola kanye nemishini .............................................................................................................
2.2.3 Izindlela Zokuhlola ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2.3 Imiphumela Yokuhlola Nengxoxo ................................................................................................................. Uhlamvu lweshumi eliphansi
2.3.1 Index yezakhi eziyisisekelo zikafulawa kakolweni ....................................................................................... .1l
2.3.2 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC kwizakhiwo ezihamba kahle zenhlama ....................................................................... .11
2.3.3 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC ngezindawo ezishukumisayo zenhlama ...............................
2.3.4 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ezingxenyeni zezinhlanhla zenhlama ............................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .15
2.3.5 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yesengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina samahhala ekuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhokhwayo (GW) kwinhlama eqandisiwe ...................................................................................................................................................
2.3.6 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa kwikhwalithi yesinkwa esintshontshiwe ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2.4 ISAHLUKO SAHUNDWAYO .......................................................................................................................
Imiphumela yeSahluko 3 ye-HPMC Ingeze ngesakhiwo nezakhiwo zamaprotheni kakolweni ama-gluten ngaphansi kwezimo eziqandayo ...........................................................................
3.1 ISINGENISO ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3.2.1 Izinto zokuhlola ...........................................................................................................................................................................
3.2.2 I-Appatus Yokuhlola .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3.2.3 I-reagents yokuhlola ........................................................................................................................... .................... 25
3.2.4 Izindlela zokuhlola ................................................................................................................................................. 25
3. Imiphumela Nengxoxo .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
3.3.1 Umphumela wokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ezizakhisweni ze-bheological of imaw gluten isisindo .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3.3.2 Umphumela wokungeza inani le-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina sokuqalisa kokuqukethwe komswakama okukhokhwayo (CFW) nokuqina okushisayo ................................................................................... Umphobho wamakhasi wamavumthetho
3.3.3 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina efrijini ku-SulfHydryl okuqukethwe kwamahhala (c Vessel) ................................................................................................................. . 34
3.3.4 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo kwisikhathi sokuphumula esiguqukayo
3.3.5 Imiphumela yesamba sengezo se-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina samafrihlisayo esakhiweni sesibili se-gluten ...................................................................................................................
3.3.6 Imiphumela ye-FIPMC Inani lezengezo le-FIPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandeka ku-hydrophophobicity ye-gluten protein ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
3.3.7 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC Expert ne-Storeal Isikhathi Isikhathi sesakhiwo esincane senethiwekhi ye-gluten .................................................................................................................................
3.4 ISahluko Sumfind .......................................................................................................................................
I -APHA YEMPILO YOKUQHAWULWA KWENKOLO KANYE NEZIMALI NGEMIBHALO YOKUGCINA OKUQHAWULEKILE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4.1 ISINGENISO ......................................................................................................................................................................... 44
4.2 Izinto zokuhlola nezindlela ............................................................................................................................... 45
4.2.1 Izinto zokuhlola .......................................................................................................................
4.2.2 I-Appatus yokuhlola .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4.2.3 Indlela yokuhlola ...............................................................................................................................................................
4.3 Ukuhlaziywa Nezingxoxo ............................................................................................................................................. 48
4.3.1 Okuqukethwe kwezakhi eziyisisekelo ze-kakoti starch ................................................................................ 48
4.3.2 Imiphumela Yesitori se-I-IPMC ye-IPMC nesikhathi esiqandisiwe kwizici ze-gelatinization of Wheat Starch ...............................................................................................................................
4.3.3 Imiphumela yokungezelwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo ekuboneni okusheshayo kwe-Starch paste ............................................................................................................................................................... 52
4.3.4 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yesengezo kanye nesikhathi esiqandisiwe kwi-Viscoeliastity enamandla ye-starch paste .................................................................................................................................................
4.3.5 Ithonya le-HPMC Inani lezengezo kanye nesikhathi esiqandisiwe sesikhathi sekhono lokuvuvukala kwesitashi ...............................................................................................................................................................
4.3.6 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-I-IPMC Expert kanye nesikhathi esiqandisiwe kwizakhiwo zeThermodynamic zeStarch ..................................................................................................................... . I-57
4.3.7 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC Expection ne-Desert Isikhathi Sokulondolozwa ku-Crystallity ehlobene ne-Starch .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4.4 ISAHLUKO SAHUNDWAYO ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1
Imiphumela yeSahluko 5 ye-HPMC yezengezo ezilinganisweni zokusinda imvubelo kanye nomsebenzi wokuvutshelwa ngaphansi kwemibandela yokugcina eqandisiwe ........................................................................................................................................................... . 62
5.1Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
5.2 Izinto nezindlela nezindlela ............................................................................................................................................... 62
5.2.1 izinto zokuhlola nezinsimbi ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5.2.2 Izindlela zokuhlola. . . . . .................................................................................................................................... 63
5.3 Imiphumela Nengxoxo ................................................................................................................................................................. 64
5.3.1 Umphumela we-HPMC ukwengeza kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ekuphakameni kwenhlama .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5.3.2 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa esilinganisweni sokusinda imvubelo ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5.3.3 Umphumela wokungeza inani le-HPMC nesikhathi sokuqalisa kokuqukethwe kwe-glutathione kwinhlama ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... "
5.4 ISAHLUKO SAHUNDWAYO ................................................................................................................................................................. I-67
Isahluko 6 Iziphetho namathemba .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6.1 Isiphetho .................................................................................................................................................................. 68
6.2 Outlook ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
Uhlu lwemifanekiso
Umdwebo 1.1 Ifomula yesakhiwo se-hydroxypropyllylylylylyl .................................. . 6
Umdwebo 2.1 Umphumela wokungezelwa kwe-HPMC ezizakhisweni zezinkomo ezifriziwe .................................................................................................................................................
Umdwebo 2.2 Imiphumela yokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ngevolumu ethile yesinkwa esintshontshiwe .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Umdwebo 2.3 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ngobulukhuni besinkwa esintshontshiwe .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Umdwebo 2.4 Umphumela wezengezo ze-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokubabaza ekulweni kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe ............................................................................................................................................................. . 20
Umdwebo 3.1 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ezizakhisweni ze-bheological of gluten emanzi ............................................................................................................................................................... Umphobho wamakhasi wamavumthetho
Umdwebo 3.2 Imiphumela yokungezelwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ezingxenyeni ze-thermodynamic zikakolweni gluten ........................................................................................................................... . 34
Umdwebo 3.3 Imiphumela yokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ku-SulfyDryl okuqukethwe kwamahhala okuqukethwe kwe-SulfhyDry ye-Wheat Gluten ............................................................................. 35
Umdwebo 3.4 Imiphumela yesamba sengezo se-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina samafrihlisayo ekusatshalalisweni kwesikhathi sokuphumula esiguqukayo (n) se-gluten esimanzi .........................................................................................
Umdwebo 3.5 Ukolweni we-Gluten Protein infrared ye-infyrum ye-Itide III Band ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwe-deconvolution kanye nokutholakala kwesibili okufunwayo ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Umdwebo 3.6 Umzekelisweni ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Umdwebo 3.7 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa kwisakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-microscopic gluten ................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
Umdwebo 4.1 Starch gelatinization uphawu lwejika ....................................................................................................... 51
Umdwebo 4.2 Fluid Thixotropy of Starch Paste ....................................................................................................................... 52
Umdwebo 4.3 Imiphumela yokungeza inani le-MC ne-FreeZing Time kwi-Viscoelasticity of Starch paste ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... I-57
Umdwebo 4.4 Umphumela we-HPMC ukwengeza kanye nesikhathi sokugcina samahhala emandleni okuvuvukala kwesitashi ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Umdwebo 4.5 Imiphumela yokungezelwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina samafrihlisayo kwizakhiwo zeThermodynamic zeStarch ........................................................................................................................................... . 59
Umdwebo 4.6 Imiphumela yokungezelwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina samafrihlisayo kwizakhiwo ze-XRD ze-starch ...........................................................................................................................................
Umdwebo 5.1 Umphumela we-HPMC Isengezo kanye nesikhathi sokubabaza ekuphakameni kwenhlama .....................................................................................................
Umdwebo 5.2 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandeka esilinganisweni sokusinda imvubelo ................................................................................... I-67
Umdwebo we-Microsoft 5.3 Ukubukwa Kwemvubelo (ukuhlolwa okuyi-microscopic) ............................................................................................................................................................................... 68
Umdwebo 5.4 Umphumela we-HPMC ukwengeza kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ku-Glutathione (GSH) okuqukethwe ...........................................................................................
Uhlu lwamafomu
Ithebula 2.1 Ukuqukethwe okuyisisekelo kwengcingo kafulawa kakolweni .......................................................................................... Uhlamvu lweshumi eliphansi
Ithebula 2.2 Umphumela wezengezo ze-IPMC kwizakhiwo ezihamba nenhlama yenhlama ............... 11
Ithebula eli-2.3 lomphumela we-I-IPMC ukwengezwa kwenhlama ye-Tensile ye-Tinyele ................................................... .14
Ithebula 2.4 Umphumela wesamba sengezo se-IPMC kanye nesikhathi sokubabaza ekuqukethwe kwamanzi okungahambi kahle (umsebenzi we-CF) wenhlama efriziwe ...............................................................................................................................................................
Ithebula 2.5 Imiphumela yesamba sengezo se-I-IPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina samafrihlisayo ezindaweni zokuthululwa zesinkwa esintshontshiwe .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ithebula 3.1 Ukuqukethwe kwezithako eziyisisekelo eGluten .....................................................................................................
Ithebula 3.2 Imiphumela yesamba sengezo se-I-IPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina se-IPMC esigabeni se-Enthalpy (yi iv) nokuqukethwe kwamanzi okufriphaza (engxoxweni) ye-gluten emanzi ... Isiqinisethu
I-Table 3.3 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina samahhala ekushiseni okuphezulu (Umkhiqizo) wokuchazwa okushisayo kukakolweni gluten ....................................................................... 33
Ithebula 3.4 Izikhundla eziphakeme zezakhiwo zamaphrotheni zesonto nezabelo zazo ............ .37
Ithebula 3.5 Imiphumela yokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi esibandayo esakhiweni sesibili se-Wheat Gluten .......................................................................................................................................................
Imiphumela yethebula 3.6 yezengezo ze-I-IPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo ku-hydrophophobicity yokolweni gluten ........................................................................................................... 41
Ithebula 4.1 Okuqukethwe kwezakhi eziyisisekelo ze-kakoti starch ...............................................................
Ithebula 4.2 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yesengezo nesikhathi esiqandisiwe kwizici ze-gelatinization of Wheatch Starch ...............................................................................................................................................
Ithebula 4.3 Imiphumela yokungezelwa kwe-I-IPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandeka ekuboneni kwe-Shear of Wheat Starch paste ....................................................................................................................................... 55
Ithebula 4.4 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-I-IPMC yezengezo kanye nesikhathi esiqandisiwe kwizakhiwo ze-thermodynamic zeStarch gelatinization .............................................................................
Isahluko 1 Isingeniso
Isimo se-1.1reserch ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
1.1.1Introduction kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe
Isinkwa esintshontshiwe sibhekisa ekudleni okwenziwe ngenhlama ngemuva kokufakazelwa nokubika. Njengokudla kwe-pasta yendabuko yaseChina, isinkwa esintshontshiwe sinomlando omude futhi saziwa ngokuthi "isinkwa saseMpumalanga". Ngoba umkhiqizo wayo oqediwe uyi-hemispherical noma ephakeme ngesimo, ethambile ekunambithekeni, okumnandi ekunambithekeni futhi okunothile ngezakhi zomzimba isikhathi eside. Kungukudla okuyisisekelo kwezwe lethu, ikakhulukazi izakhamizi zaseNyakatho. Ukusetshenziswa ku-Akhawunti ye-2/3 yesakhiwo sokudla semikhiqizo enyakatho, futhi cishe ama-46% esakhiwo sokudla seFlour Products ezweni [21].
1.1.2ERsersearch Statul of Steated Bread
Njengamanje, ucwaningo ngesinkwa esintshontshiwe ikakhulukazi lugxile kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
1) Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu ezintsha ezinamanzi. Ngokusebenzisa okusha kwezinto zokwenziwa kwesinkwa esintshebe kanye nokungezwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo, izinhlobo ezintsha zezinkwa ezintshontshiwe sezithuthukisiwe, ezinokudla okunempilo nokusebenza. Kusungulwe okuyindinganiso yokuhlola yekhwalithi yekhwalithi yenhlamvu ethe xaxa isinkwa ngokuhlaziywa kwengxenye eyinhloko; I-FU et A1. . I-HAO & Beta (2012) ifundwe ibhariley bran kanye ne-flaxseed (ecebe izinto ezi-biofractive) inqubo yokukhiqiza yesinkwa esintshontshiwe; Shiau et a1. .
2) Cwaninga ekusebenzeni nasekuhlanganiseni ufulawa okhethekile wesinkwa esintshontshiwe. Umphumela wezakhiwo zefulawa kwikhwalithi yenhlama kanye ne-buns entshontshiwe kanye nocwaningo ngofulawa omusha okhethekile wama-buns athambile, futhi kususelwa kulokhu, imodeli yokuhlola yokusebenza kwendiza yasungulwa [7]; Isibonelo, imiphumela yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zefulawa yokugaya ngekhwalithi kafulawa namabhulokhi anentshebe [7] 81; Umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwama-flours kakolweni ambalwa we-waxy kukhwalithi yesinkwa esintshontshiwe [9J et al.; UZhu, & Khan (2001) uhlole umphumela wamaprotheni kakolweni ngekhwalithi yenhlama nesinkwa esintshonalanga, futhi ubheka ukuthi i-gliadin / glutenin yayihlobene kakhulu nezakhiwo zenhlama kanye nekhwalithi yesinkwa entshontshiwe; Zhang, et a1. (2007) kuhlaziyse ukuxhumana phakathi kokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni ama-gluten, uhlobo lweprotheni, izakhiwo zenhlama kanye nekhwalithi yesinkwa esintshontshiwe, bese kuphetha ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-high molecular gluunit subunit (1ligh.molecular-isisindo, okuqukethwe okuphelele kwamaprotheni nakho konke kuhlobene nekhwalithi yesinkwa esisenyakatho. ube nomthelela omkhulu [11].
3) Ucwaningo ngokulungiswa kwenhlama kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinkwa ezintshebekile. Ucwaningo ngethonya lemibandela yokukhiqiza isinkwa entshontshiwe ngekhwalithi yayo kanye nokwenza inqubo yenqubo; U-Liu Chanhong et al. . Inomthelela omkhulu ekuhlolweni kwemizwa. Uma izimo zenqubo zingalungile, kuzodala ukuthi umkhiqizo uphenduke oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubumnyama noma ophuzi. Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yenhlama yokulungiselela inhlama, inani lamanzi angeziwe lifinyelela ama-45%, kanti isikhathi senhlama senhlama sasingu-6 imizuzu, ~ Lapho ivelu ye-PH ye-10 min, i-vency venuaction kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemizwa kwama-buns athambile alinganiswe kahle. Lapho ugingqa inhlama izikhathi eziyi-15- 20 ngasikhathi sinye, inhlama iyi-flaky, ebushelelezi, ebushelelezi futhi ecwebezelayo; Lapho isilinganiso sokugoqa singu-3: 1, ishidi lenhlama liyacwebezela, futhi elimhlophe lesinkwa esintshontshile likhuphuka [l to; Li, et a1. .
4) Ucwaningo ngokuthuthuka kwekhwalithi kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe. Cwaninga kokungeziwe nokusetshenziswa kwekhwalithi yesinkwa entshontshiwe; ikakhulukazi kufakazelwa izithasiselo (njengama-enzyme, ama-empulsifers, ama-antioxidants, njll.) Namanye amaprotheni athile [14], ukufakwa kwesitashi kwamuva kwe-PASTA Izidingo zesifo se-celiac (izidingo zokudla zeziguli ngesifo se-celiac [16.1 cit.
5) Ukulondolozwa kanye nokulwa nokulwa nesinkwa esintshontshiwe nezinqubo ezihlobene. IPan Lijun et al. . Wang, et a1. . Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ukulahleka kwamanzi kanye ne-starch reprystallization kwakuyizizathu eziphambili zokuguga kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe.
6) Cwaninga ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane amasha aboshwe kanye ne-sourdough. Jiang, et A1. (2010) ukusetshenziswa kwe-chaetomium sp. kuvuthwe ukukhiqiza i-xylanase (nge-thermable) ngesinkwa esintshontshiwe [2L '; Gerez, et a1. (2012) usebenzise izinhlobo ezimbili zamagciwane e-lactic acid emikhiqizweni kafulawa ovuthiwe futhi ahlolisise ikhwalithi yawo [221; I-Wu, et al. . ne-gerez, et a1. (2012) wasebenzisa izici zokuvutshelwa kwezinhlobo ezimbili zamagciwane e-lactic acid ukusheshisa i-hydrolysis ye-gliadin ukunciphisa i-allergenicity yemikhiqizo yefulawa [24] nezinye izici.
7) Ucwaningo ngokusetshenziswa kwenhlama efriziwe ngesinkwa esintshontshiwe.
Phakathi kwazo, isinkwa esintshontshiwe sithambekele ekugugeni ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokugcina, okuyisici esibalulekile esivimba ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe kanye nokusebenza kwezimboni. Ngemuva kokuguga, ikhwalithi yesinkwa entshontshiwe iyancishiswa - ukuthungwa kuba somile futhi kube nzima, ama-dregs, ukugayana nokudla, ukugaya kanye nokugayanisa kanye nokugaya isilinganiso kuncipha, kanye nenani lokudla okunciphayo liyancipha. Lokhu akuhlathi kuthinta kuphela impilo yayo eshalofini, kodwa futhi kwakha imfucuza eningi. Ngokusho kwezibalo, ukulahleka konyaka konyaka ngenxa yokuguga kungu-3% wokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo kafulawa. 7%. Ngokuthuthuka kwamazinga okuphila kwabantu kanye nokuqwashisa ngezempilo, kanye nokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yokudla, indlela yokukhiqiza izidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi uthole imikhiqizo enezidingo zesidingo esiphezulu sokudla okukhulayo, ukudla okuphezulu kwekhwalithi ephezulu futhi elula kuyinkinga yezobuchwepheshe ende. Ngokusekelwe kulesi sizinda, inhlama eqandisiwe yaphenduka, futhi intuthuko yayo isesendalweni.
1.1.3Introduction kwinhlama eqandisiwe
Inhlama eqandisiwe ubuchwepheshe obusha bokusebenza nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yefulawa yathuthukiswa ngawo-1950s. Ibhekisa kakhulu ekusebenziseni ufulawa kakolweni njengento esetshenziswayo eluhlaza namanzi noma ushukela njengezinto ezibalulekile ezisizayo. Kubhakwe, kugcwele noma kungafakwanga, okusheshayo kanye nezinye izinqubo zenza umkhiqizo ufinyelele esimweni seqhwa, futhi. Imikhiqizo eqandisiwe ku-18 "C, umkhiqizo wokugcina udinga ukuthathwa, kuphekwe, kuphekwe, njll. [251].
Ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza, inhlama eqandisiwe ingahlukaniswa cishe izinhlobo ezine.
a) Indlela yenhlama eqandisiwe
b) Ukufakazelwa kobufakazi kanye nenhlama yenhlama yehlangene
c) Inhlama eqandisiwe esetshenzwe ngaphambili: Inhlama ihlukaniswe ucezu olulodwa futhi yakhiwa, kuphekwe ngokuphelele (kuphekwe (ngezinga elithile), kupholile, kufakwe iqhwa (ukubhekwa, ukuphekwa, nokubhekwa, ukuphekwa (ukubhaka, ukubhema, ukuphekwa (ukubhaka, ukubhema, njll.
d) Inhlama efriziwe efriziwe: Inhlama yenziwa engxenyeni eyodwa futhi yakhiwa, bese iphikisana ngokuphelele, bese ipheke ngokuphelele - i-ling kodwa iqandisiwe, iqandisiwe futhi igcinwe.
Ukuvela kwenhlama eqandisiwe akudala nje kuphela izimo zokuthuthuka kwezimboni, okujwayelekile, kanye nokukhiqizwa koketanga kwemikhiqizo evuthiwe, kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukucubungula isikhathi, futhi kuncishiswe ukusebenza kwezindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, into esegulayo yokudla kwe-pasta ivinjelwe ngempumelelo, futhi umphumela wokuthola isikhathi eside ishelufu lomkhiqizo uyatholakala. Ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi eYurophu, eMelika, eJapan nakwamanye amazwe, kusetshenziswa inhlama eqandisiwe kabanzi esinkwa esimhlophe (isinkwa)
Amakhekhe neminye imikhiqizo ye-pasta inamazinga ahlukene wokusebenzisa [26-27]. Ngokusho kwezibalo ezingaphelele, ngo-1990, ama-80% amabhakeries e-United States asebenzisa inhlama eqandisiwe; Ama-50% ama-Bakeries eJapan nawo asebenzisa inhlama eqandisiwe. Ikhulu lamashumi amabili
Ngawo-1990s, kwangeniswa ubuchwepheshe benhlama yenhlama eChina. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwamazinga okuphila kwabantu, ubuchwepheshe benhlama eqandisiwe bunamathuba abanzi wokuthuthuka nendawo enkulu yokuthuthukisa
1.1.4problems kanye nezinselelo zenhlama eqandisiwe
Ubuchwepheshe benhlama efriziwe ngokungangabazeki bunikeza umbono ongenzeka kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zokudla kwendabuko kwesiShayina esinjengesinkwa esintshontshiwe. Kodwa-ke, lobu buchwepheshe obucubungula busenokushiyeka okuthile, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwesimo sesikhathi eside sokuqalisa, umkhiqizo wokugcina uzoba nesikhathi esimnandi sokubambisana, ivolumu ephansi, ukulimala kwamanzi, ukunambitheka kwamanzi, ukunambitheka okuphezulu, ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuqandisa
Inhlama iyingxenye ehlukahlukene (umswakama, amaprotheni, isitashi, ama-microorganism, njll.)
Izifundo eziningi zithole ukuthi ukwakheka kanye nokukhula kwamakristalu eqhwa ekudleni okuqandisiwe kuyisici esibalulekile esiholela ekuwohlokeni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo [291]. Amakristalu eqhwa awanciphisi kuphela izinga lokusinda enisebuzwe, kodwa futhi anciphise amandla ama-gluten, athinte i-starch crystallity nesakhiwo sejeli, futhi alimaze amaseli ancishisiwe futhi akhulule ukunciphisa igesi ebambe umthamo we-gluten. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni sesitoreji eqandisiwe, ukuguquguquka kokushisa kungadala amakristalu eqhwa ukuba akhule ngenxa yokuphindaphinda [30]. Ngakho-ke, ungayilawula kanjani imiphumela emibi yokwakheka kwe-Ice Crystal nokukhula kwesitashi, i-gluten kanye nemvubelo kuyisihluthulelo sokuxazulula izinkinga ezingenhla, futhi futhi kuyinkambu yokucwaninga eshisayo nesiqondisi. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, abacwaningi abaningi baye bahlanganyela kulo msebenzi futhi bathola imiphumela ethile yokucwaninga ngezithelo. Kodwa-ke, kusenezikhala ezithile nezinkinga ezithile ezingalungiswa nezimpikiswano kule nkambu, okudingeka zihlolwe futhi, njengokuthi:
a) Ungayinqanda kanjani ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yenhlama eqandisiwe ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sesitoreji esiqandisiwe, ikakhulukazi indlela yokulawula ithonya lokwakheka kanye nokukhula kwezinto eziphambili zenhlama (isitashi, gluten kanye nemvubelo), kuseyinkinga. AmaHotspots nezinkinga eziyisisekelo kule nkambu yocwaningo;
b) ngoba kunomehluko othile kubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo nokukhiqiza kanye nefomula yemikhiqizo ehlukene yefulawa, kusekhona ukuntuleka kocwaningo ekuthuthukisweni kwenhlama ehambisanayo enobuhlakani ngokuhlanganiswa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomkhiqizo;
c) Nweba, uthuthukise futhi usebenzise ikhwalithi entsha yenhlama yenhlama eqandisiwe, evumelana nokwenza kahle kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza kanye nokwenziwa okusha kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko zezinhlobo zomkhiqizo. Njengamanje, kusadinga ukuqiniswa futhi kwandiswe;
d) Umphumela wama-hydrocollodroids ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yenhlama efriziwe kanye nezindlela ezihlobene zisadinga ukufundwa futhi zichazwe ngokuhlelekile.
1.1.5research Status of Frozen Inhlama
Ngenxa yezinkinga nezinselelo ezingenhla zenhlama eqandisiwe, ucwaningo lwesikhathi esisha ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe benhlama eqandisiwe, kanye nokwenziwa kwezinguquko ezingokwesimo senhlama esimweni senhlama yenhlama edonseni lenhlama yenhlama eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokukhethekile, ocwaningweni oluphambili lwasekhaya nolwezangaphandle eminyakeni yamuva nje lugxila khona kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
I.Study ushintsho esakhiweni nasezakhiweni zenhlama eqandisiwe ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina samahhala, ukuze kuhlolwe izizathu zokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi umphumela we-Ice Crystallization kuma-macromolekyuli wemvelo (i-protein, isitashi, njll. Ukwakheka kanye nokukhula nobudlelwano balo nesimo samanzi nokusatshalaliswa; ushintsho kusakhiwo se-gluten proten proten, ukuvumelana nezakhiwo [31]; ushintsho ekwakhekeni kwesitashi nezakhiwo; Izinguquko kwinhlama yemvelo kanye nezindawo ezihlobene, njll. 361.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izizathu eziphambili zokuwohloka kwezindawo zokucubungula zenhlama eqandisiwe zifaka: 1) Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqandisa, ukusinda kwemvubelo kanye nomsebenzi waso wokuvutshelwa kuncishiswa kakhulu; 2) Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi okuqhubekayo nokuphelele kwenhlama kubhujiswa, okuholela emoyeni ephethe umthamo wenhlama. Futhi amandla wesakhiwo ancishiswe kakhulu.
II. Ukusebenziseka kahle kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yenhlama efriziwe, izimo zokugcina eziqandisiwe nefomula. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwenhlama eqandisiwe, ukulawulwa kokushisa, izimo zokufakazelwa, ukwelashwa okukhohlisayo, isilinganiso sokuqandisa, izimo zomswakama, okuqukethwe okunomswakama konke kuzothinta izakhiwo zenhlama yeqhwa [37]. Ngokuvamile, amazinga aphezulu okuqandisa akhiqiza amakristalu eqhwa ancanyana ngosayizi futhi asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, kanti amanani aphansi akhiqiza amakrista akhiqiza amakristalu amakhulu asatshalaliswa ngendlela efanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa eliphansi eliphansi ngisho nangaphansi kwe-Glass Transtel lokushisa (CTA) lingagcina kahle ikhwalithi yalo, kepha izindleko ziphezulu, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwangempela namazinga okushisa okuhamba okubandayo kuvame ukuba mncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kokushisa kweqhwa kuzodala ukuphindaphinda, okuzothinta ikhwalithi yenhlama.
III. Kusetshenziswa izengezo ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo yenhlama efriziwe. Ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo yenhlama eqandisiwe, abacwaningi abaningi benze ukuhlola okuvela emivelweni ehlukene, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthukisa ukubekezelela okuphansi kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwinhlama yenhlama [kusetshenziswa izithasiselo zokuqina kwesakhiwo senhlama yenhlama, njll. Kubandakanya ikakhulukazi, i) amalungiselelo enzyme, njenge, transglutanase, O [. Imylase; ii) ama-emulsifiers, anjenge-monoglyceride, i-datem, i-SSL, i-CSL, i-datem, njll; iii) ama-antioxidants, ascorbic acid, njll; IV) Ama-PelysacCharide Hydrocollodroids, anjenge-guar gum, ophuzi originalgum, gum arabic, konjac gum, i-sodium alginate, njll. v) Ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo, ezinjenge-xu, et a1. .
Ⅳ. Ukuzalela imvubelo yakwa-Antifreezeze kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemvubelo entsha antifreeze [58-59]. Sasano, et A1. (2013) etholakale i-reary ebekezelayo ebekezelayo nge-hybridization kanye nokubuyiselwa kabusha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene [60-61], kanye ne-S11i, yu, kanye ne-LU, & Lee (2013) ajele asuselwa kumakhambi we-erwinia asetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemvubelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo [62J.
1.1.6Plucation of hydrocolloids ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yenhlama efriziwe
Imvelo yamakhemikhali ye-hydrocolloid yi-polysaccharide, eyakhiwa ama-monosaccharides (ushukela, i-rhamnose, i-arabinose, i-mannose, njll.) Ku-0 [. 1-4. I-glycosidic bond noma / ne. 1 - "6. I-Glycosidic Bond noma B. 1-4. I-Glycosidic Bond kanye no-0 [ njenge-konjac gum, gum gum, gum arabic; ukufuduka, isimo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi ohlelweni lokudla. Ngakho-ke, ukungezwa kwama-hydrophilic ama-colloids kunikeza imisebenzi eminingi yokudla, ukuqina, kanye neminye imisebenzi ye-macromoleebar. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-hydrocolekAs asetshenziswa kabanzi ukufaka ekudleni Ukucutshungulwa kwemikhiqizo yefulawa. Wang xin et al. (2007) wafunda umphumela wokufaka ama-polysaccharides asolwandle kanye ne-gelatin ekushiseni kwengilazi yenhlama [631. Wang yusheng et al. (2013) bakholelwa ukuthi ukwengeza okuhlanganisiwe kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-colloids ahlukahlukene kungashintsha kakhulu ukugeleza kwenhlama. Shintsha izakhiwo, uthuthukise amandla ashukumisayo wenhlama, uthuthukise ukuqina kwenhlama, kepha wehlise ukubhekwa kwenhlama [susa.
1.1.7hydroxypypropyllylyllylyl metrule (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, I-IPMC)
I-Hydroxypropyll methyl cellulose (i-hpdroxypropyl methyl cellulose, i-HPMC) isenzeka ngokwemvelo se-cellulose dellulose eyakhiwe yi-hydroxypropyl enqunyelwe i-hydroxypropyl kanye ne-methyl eceleni kwe-hydroxy ku-clelvose eceleni kwe-clelloxy purce cleox. I-United States pharmacopeia (United States pharmacopeia) ihlukanisa i-HPMC ngezigaba ezintathu ngokuya ngomehluko wokufakwa esikhundleni samakhemikhali we-HPMC kanye ne-F (hypromellose 2910) kanye k (hypromellose 2906) kanye k (hypromellose 22906).
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamabhondi e-hydrogen ku-linear molecular chain kanye nesakhiwo se-crystalline, i-cellulose inamanzi ampofu, okubuye kunciphise uhla lwayo lolwazi. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kokufakwa esikhundleni kwe-purtwet ye-HPMC kuphula ama-hpdrogen ama-hydrogen, okwenza kube yi-hydrophilic [66l] ngaphezulu, engakhuza ngokushesha emanzini bese ikwazi ukuhlakazeka okuqinile okuqinile kwamazinga okushisa aphansi. Njenge-hprophilic colloudied esuselwa ku-collophilic esuselwa ku-colloud, i-HPMC isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni yezinto zokwakha, ukuphazamiseka, izindwangu, izimonyo, amakhamithi nokudla [6 71]. Ikakhulu, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile ze-thermo-gelling, i-HPMC ivame ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye ye-capsule yezidakamizwa ezilawulwayo; Ekudleni, i-HPMC nayo isetshenziswa njenge-survitiant, izikhukhukazi, ama-emulsifiers, ama-emullifiers, amathegi, njll, futhi adlale indima ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ehlobene nokuthola. Isibonelo, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungashintsha izici ze-gelatinization zesitashi bese kunciphisa amandla we-gel we-starch paste. , I-HPMC inganciphisa ukulahleka komswakama ekudleni, inciphise ubunzima besiko lesinkwa, bese livimbela ngempumelelo ukuguga kwesinkwa.
Yize i-HPMC isetshenzisiwe e-PASTA ngezinga elithile, isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njenge-ejenti elwa nokuguga kanye ne-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ngesinkwa, njll., Okungathuthukisa ivolumu ethile yomkhiqizo, i-Testres Properties [71.74]. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-coldrophilic colloilic anjenge-guar gum, i-xanthan gum, kanye ne-sodium alginate [75-771], azikho izifundo eziningi ekusetshenzisweni kwenhlama ebiwe, noma ngabe kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yesinkwa esinqunyelwe kusuka kwinhlama ethambile. Kusenokuntuleka kwemibiko efanelekile ngomphumela wayo.

1.2reserch inhloso nokubaluleka
Njengamanje, uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nokukhiqizwa okukhulu kobuchwepheshe benhlama yokucubungula inhlama ezweni lami lonke kusesigabeni sokuthuthuka. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunezingqinamba ezithile nokushoda kwenhlama efriziwe ngokwayo. Lezi zinto eziphelele ngokungangabazeki zikhawulela esithe xaxa nokukhuthaza inhlama eqandisiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwenhlama eqandisiwe kunethemba elikhulu futhi elibanzi, ikakhulukazi ngokombono wokudla kwenhlama i-noodle yendabuko yama-noodle yendabuko (ukungavuli kokudla okuyisisekelo, ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo eminingi ehlangabezana nezidingo zabahlali baseChina. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlama eqandisiwe esuselwa kwizici ze-Chinese khekhe nemikhuba yokudla, futhi ilungele izici zokucubungula zekhekhe laseChina.
Yikho ngokunembile ngoba ucwaningo olufanele lwesicelo se-HPMC kuma-noodle aseChina lusantuleka. Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalokhu kuhlolwa ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-HPMC kwinhlama efriziwe, futhi ukunquma ukuthuthukiswa kwemali yenhlama eqandisiwe nge-HPMC ngokuhlola ikhwalithi yesinkwa entshontshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-HPMC yengezwa ezingxenyeni ezintathu eziphambili zenhlama (amaprotheni kakolweni, isitashi kanye nemvubelo uketshezi), nomphumela we-HPMC ngesakhiwo namaprotheni kakolweni, isitashi kanye nemvubelo kufundwe ngokuhlelekile. Futhi chaza izinkinga zayo ezihlobene nemishini, ukuze unikeze indlela entsha yokungenzeka ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yenhlama eqandisiwe, ukuze unwebe umkhawulo wesicelo se-HPMC enkomeni yokudla, futhi ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa kwethiyori ngokukhiqizwa kwangempela kwenhlamvu efriziwe.
1.3Ukuqukethwe okuyinhloko kocwaningo
Ngokuvamile kuzwakala ukuthi inhlama iyindlela ejwayelekile ethambile enkulu ethambile enezimpawu zezakhi eziningi, eziningi-esibonakalayo, nesigaba esiningi.
Imiphumela yenani lezengezo kanye nesikhathi esiqandisiwe esakhiweni nasezakhiweni zenhlama eneqhwa, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yenhlama efriziwe (isinkwa esintshontshiwe) Ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni okungenhla, ukwakheka okulandelayo kwenziwa kulesi sihloko sokucwaninga:
1) Khetha uhlobo olusha lwe-hydrophilic colloid, hpmpypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) njengesengezo, futhi utadishe inani lokungezwa le-HPMC ngaphansi kwesikhathi esihlukile (0, 15, 30, izinsuku ezingama-60; okufanayo) izimo. . ezakhiweni ezisebenzayo zenhlama eqandisiwe;
2) Ngokombono wendlela yokwenza ngcono, imiphumela yezengezo ezahlukahlukene ze-HPMC ezizakhisweni ze-bheji ze-gluten, inguquko yesimo samanzi kanye nesakhiwo kanye nesakhiwo sesikhathi sokugcina sikakolweni.
3) Ngokombono wendlela yokwenza ngcono, imiphumela yezengezo ezahlukahlukene ze-HPMC kwizakhiwo ze-gelatinization, izakhiwo ze-gel, izakhiwo ze-crystallization, kanye nezimo ze-thermodynamic zesitashi sezitashi ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezihlukile zokugcina.
4) Ngokombono wendlela yokwenza ngcono, imiphumela yezengezo ezahlukahlukene ze-HPMC emsebenzini, izinga lokusinda, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-glutathione ye-glutathione ye-extracellular ye-glutathione ngaphansi kwezimo zesikhathi esihlukile sokugcina.
Imiphumela ye-I-I-I-IPMC yezengezo zenhlama yenhlama yokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yesinkwa entshontshiwe
2.1 Isingeniso
Ngokuvamile, ukwakheka kwenhlama okusetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo kafulawa evuthiwe ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi izinto ze-macromoleksar (isitashi, amaprotheni), kanye nemvubelo yezinto eziphilayo, futhi kwakhiwa ngemuva kokuxhumana, ukuxhumanisa nokuxhumana. Uhlelo lwezinto ezizinzile neziyinkimbinkimbi enesakhiwo esikhethekile senziwe. Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisile ukuthi izakhiwo zenhlama zinomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngakho-ke, ngokwenza kahle ukuhlanganisa ukuhlangana nomkhiqizo othize futhi kuyindlela yokucwaninga yokwenza ngcono ukwakhiwa kwenhlama nobuchwepheshe bekhwalithi yomkhiqizo noma ukudla okusetshenziselwa; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenza ngcono noma ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokucubungula inhlama kanye nokulondolozwa kokuqinisekisa noma ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nakho kuyinkinga ebalulekile yocwaningo.
Njengoba kushiwo engenisweni, engeza i-HPMC ohlelweni lwenhlama nokuhlola imiphumela yayo kwizindawo zenhlama (i-farin, ukugcwala, i-RHEOLOGY, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina yizifundo ezimbili ezihlobene kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, lo mklamo wokuhlola wenziwa ikakhulu kusuka ezicini ezimbili: Umphumela we-HPMC ukwengeza kwezindawo zohlelo lwenhlama eqandisiwe kanye nomphumela kwikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yesinkwa entshontshiwe.
2.2 Izinto Zokuhlola Nezindlela
2.2.1 Izinto zokuhlola
Zhongyu Wheat kakolweni ufulawa binzhou zhongyu ukudla Co, Ltd; Ingelosi esebenzayo ye-Active Odword Yezingane Yezazo Imvubelo Co, Ltd; I-HPMC (PrepLy Sussiotalwation degree ka-28% .30%, I-Hydroxypropyl degree degree degree 7% .12%) Inkampani ye-Aladdin (Shanghai) Chemical Reagent Company; Wonke ama-reagents wamakhemikhali asetshenziswa kulolu vivinyo abhekene nebanga lokuhlaziya;
2.2.2 Amathuluzi Okuhlola Nemishini
Igama Lensimbi Nemishini
Bps. I-500cl yokushisa evamile nebhokisi lomswakama
I-TA-XT Plus ngokomzimba wezakhiwo
I-BSAL24S yokuhlaziya nge-elektroniki
DHG. 9070a blast ukomisa kuhhavini
I-SM. 986s Inhlama Mixer
C21. I-KT2134 Cooker yokungena
Imitha ye-powder. E
I-extensometer. E
Ukutholwa R3 Rotational Rheometer
I-Q200 ehlukanisa ukuskena ikhalori
FD. 1b. 50 vacuum freeze owomile
Sx2.4.10 isithando somlilo
I-KjelTe TM 8400 ezenzakalelayo ze-Kjeldahl Nitrogen Analyser
Umenzi
I-Shanghai Yiheng Science Antrensist Co, Ltd.
Hlaba amasistimu amancane, uk
USartorius, Germany
I-Shanghai Yiheng Science Antrensist Co, Ltd.
I-Phezulu Ikhishi Appliance Technology Co, Ltd.
I-Guangdong Midwea Life Appliance Co, Ltd.
BRABEVE, Germany
BRABEVE, Germany
Inkampani yaseMelika Ta
Inkampani yaseMelika Ta
I-Beijing Bo Yi Kang Experimental Co, Ltd.
I-Huang Shi Heng Feng Ficed Co, Ltd.
Inkampani yaseDanish FOSS
2.2.3 Indlela yokuhlola
2.2.3.1 Ukunqunywa kwezingxenye eziyisisekelo zikafulawa
Ngokusho kwe-GB 50093.2010, GB 5009.5-2010, GB / T 5009.9.2008, i-GB50094.2010T7.9.2008, inquma izingxenye eziyisisekelo zofulawa kakolweni - umswakama, amaprotheni, isitashi kanye nokuqukethwe komlotha.
2.2.3.2 Ukuzimisela kwezindawo zenhlama yenhlama
Ngokusho kweseferensi yendlela ye-GB / T 14614.2006 Ukunqunywa kwezindawo ezikude yenhlama [821.
2.2.3.3 Ukunqunywa kwezici ezihlanganayo zenhlama
Ukunqunywa kwezici ezishukumisela kwenhlama ngokuya nge-GB / T 14615.2006 [831.
2.2.3.4 Ukukhiqizwa kwenhlama eqandisiwe
Bheka inqubo yokwenza inhlama ye-GB / T 17320.1998 [84]. Isisindo esingu-450 g wefulawa ne-5 g yemvubelo eyomile esitsheni senhlama, ivuse ngejubane eliphansi ukuze uvimbele okungu-4 imizuzu / Ingxenye, uxokiswe esimweni se-cylindrical, bese usibeka uphawu esikhwameni se-ziplock, bese usifaka ku-18 ° C. Faka izinsuku ezingama-15, 1, iqembu lokuhlola.
2.2.3.5 Ukunqunywa Kwezakhiwo Ze-Rheological Yenhlama
Thatha amasampula enhlama ngemuva kwesikhathi esihambisanayo, uwafake esiqandisini ku-4 ° C. bese uwabeka emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni kuze kube yilapho amasampula yenhlama incibilikisa ngokuphelele. Indlela yokucubungula isampula nayo isebenza engxenyeni yokuhlola engu-2.3.6.
Isampula (cishe i-2 g) yengxenye ephakathi yenhlama encibilikisiwe yasikwa futhi ibekwe epuletini elingezansi le-rheometer (ukutholakala R3). Okokuqala, isampula lafakwa ukuskena okunamandla okushukumisayo. Kwasetshenziswa amapharamitha athile okuhlola ashiwo ngokulandelayo: Kwasetshenziswa ipuleti elihambisanayo elinobubanzi obungu-40 mm, igebe lahlelwa ku-1000 mln, izinga lokushisa lalingu-25 ° C, futhi ibanga lokuthwebula lalingu-0.01%. I-100%, isikhathi sokuphumula sampula siyi-10 min, futhi imvamisa isethelwe ku-1hz. I-Linear Viscoelasticity Region (LVR) yamasampula ahlolwe yanqunywa ngokuskena kwezicucu. Ngemuva kwalokho, isampula lahlaselwa imvamisa elishukumisayo, kanti amapharamitha athile abekwe ngale ndlela elandelayo: inani lezinhlangothi lalingu-0.5% (kububanzi be-LVR), isikhathi sokuphumula, futhi amazinga okushisa ahambisana ne-strain Sweep Izilungiselelo zepharamitha. Amaphoyinti amahlanu wedatha (iziza) aqoshwa kwijika le-Rheology lokukhuphuka ngakunye okufakwayo kwe-10 Ngemuva kokucindezelwa ngakunye, isampula eyedlulele yahlaselwa ngobumnene nge-blade, futhi ungqimba wamafutha kapharafini wawusetshenziswa emaphethelweni wesampula ukuvikela ukulahleka kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Isampula ngayinye iphindwe kathathu.
2.2.3.6 okuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhulula (okuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhulula, ukuzimisela kwangaphakathi kwe-CF) kwinhlama
Linganisa isampula ye-15 mg engxenyeni esemqoka yenhlama encibilikisiwe ngokuphelele, ulidwebe nge-aluminible ebekiwe (efanelekile amasampula awuketshezi), bese ukukala nge-calorimetry yokuskena ehlukile (DSC). Amapharamitha athile athile asethiwe. Ngokulandelayo: Ukulingana kokuqala ngo-20 ° C imizuzu engu-5, bese wehla ku-.3 ° C ngesilinganiso esingu-10 "c / min, gqoka igesi e-purge, futhi ekugcineni ikhuphuke i-10 ° C nge-50 ml / min. Kusetshenziswa i-aluminium engenalutho njengereferensi, ijika le-DSC elitholakele lahlaziywa kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya kwe-software ye-Universal Universal Universal, kanye nosuku lwe-Ice Crystal ngokuhlanganisa inani eliphakeme elilinganiselwa ku-0 ° C. Okuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhokhwayo (CFW) kubalwa yifomula elandelayo [85.86]:

Phakathi kwazo, 厶 imele ukushisa komswakama okulonda, futhi inani layo lingu-334 J DAN; I-MC (Okuqukethwe okuphelele komswakama) kufanekisela okuqukethwe okuphelele komswakama enhlama (kulinganiswe ngokusho kwe-GB 50093.2010T78]). Isampula ngayinye iphindwe kathathu.
2.2.3.7 Ukukhiqizwa kwesinkwa okusiwe
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esihambisanayo sokuqandisa, kwasuswa inhlama eqandisiwe, okokuqala ifakwe esiqandisini esingu-4 ° C nge-4 h, bese ifakwa emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni kuze kube yilapho inhlama eqandisiwe yathathwa ngokuphelele. Hlukanisa inhlama ibe ngamagremu acishe abe ngu-70 ngengxenye ngayinye, bese uyibeka endaweni yokushisa engapheli nebhokisi lomswakama, bese ufakazela imizuzu engama-60 ngo-30 ° C kanye nomswakama ohlobene ka-85%. Ngemuva kobufakazi, umusi imizuzu engama-20, bese uphola ngo-1 h endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni ukuze uhlole ikhwalithi yesinkwa esintshontshiwe.

2.2.3.8 Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yesinkwa entshontshiwe
(1) Ukunqunywa kwevolumu ethile yesinkwa esintshontshiwe
Ngokusho kwe-GB / T 20981.2007 [871 [871, i-Rapseed Ady yayisetshenziselwa ukukala ivolumu (umsebenzi) wama-buns antshontshiwe, futhi isisindo (m) se-buns entshontshiwe sasilinganiswa kusetshenziswa ibhalansi kagesi. Isampula ngayinye yaphindwa kathathu.
IVolumu Eqondile Yesinkwa (CM3 / g) = IVolumu Yezincwadi Ehlanganisiwe (CM3) / I-Steamed Stein Mass (g)
(2) Ukunqunywa kwezindawo zokuthungwa kwesisekelo sesinkwa esintshontshiwe
Bheka indlela ye-SIM, uNoor Aziya, uCheng (2011) [88] ngokuguqulwa okuncane. Isampula le-20x 20 x 20 MN'13 esiyisinkwa esintshontshiwe lasikwa endaweni ephakathi nesinkwa esintshontshiwe, kanye ne-TPA (ukuhlaziya kwephrofayili ye-TPA (ukuhlazilo) kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe kwalinganiswa ngumhloli wempahla entshontshiwe. Amapharamitha athile: I-PROBE yi-P / 100, inani lokulinganisa langaphambi kokulinganisa, inani eliphakathi nendawo lingu-1 mm, isikhathi sokushintshana phakathi kwama-50%, i-Trigger Force ingu-5 g. Isampula ngayinye yaphindwa kaningi.
2.2.3.9 Ukucutshungulwa kwedatha
Zonke izivivinyo zaphindwa okungenani kathathu ngaphandle kokuthi kuchazwe ngenye indlela, futhi imiphumela yokuhlola yavezwa njengemibhalo (kusho) ukuphambuka okujwayelekile (ukuphambuka okujwayelekile). I-SPSS Statistic 19 yayisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya umehluko (Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluka, i-ANOVA), kanye neleveli ebonakalayo kwakungu-O. 05; Sebenzisa imvelaphi 8.0 ukudweba amashadi afanele.
2.3 Imiphumela Yokuhlola Nengxoxo
2.3.1 Inkomba eyisisekelo yokwakhiwa kukafulawa kakolweni
Ithebhu 2.1 Okuqukethwe kwe-Elementary Constitunt of Wheat Flour

2.3.2 Umphumela wezengezo se-IPMC kwizakhiwo ezimbi zenhlama
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 2.2, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, ukufakwa kwamanzi kwenhlama kukhuphuke kakhulu, kusuka ku-58.10% (ngaphandle kokungeza inhlama ye-HPMC) kuya ku-60.60% (engeza i-2% yenhlama ye-HPMC). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kwathuthukisa isikhathi sokuqina senhlama kusuka ku-10.2 imizuzu (engenalutho) kuya ku-12,2 imizuzu (ingezwe 2% HPMC). Kodwa-ke, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, zombili inhlama eyakheka isikhathi nesikhathi senhlama yehle yehle kakhulu, isikhathi esenziwe ngenhlamvu engu-25.0 FU, ngehlise ama-28.57% kanye nama-67.27%, ngokulandelana.
Ngoba i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuqinile namandla okubamba amanzi, futhi ingabe ithonya ngaphezulu kwesitashi sikakolweni kanye nenhlama yenhlama ifinyelela isikhathi senhlama yenhlama. Ukwakheka kwenhlama. Isikhathi sokuqina senhlama yisikhathi lapho inhlama iguquguquka igcinwa ngenhla kwe-500 FU, izinga lokuqina kwenhlama lifanela ukuguquguquka kwenhlama kanye nokuncishiswa kwenhlama yenhlama ye I-HPMC ikhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingadlala indima ekuqiniseni ukuguquguquka kwenhlama. Inhlama yenhlama inyuka nge-HPMC, futhi le miphumela ingezwakala nge-HPMC ye-Rosell, I-Colla, & Houros (& Houros (& Haros (& Haros (2007).

QAPHELA: Izinhlamvu ezihlukile ze-SuperScript ngekholomu efanayo zibonisa umehluko omkhulu (P <0.05)

2.3.3 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC ngenhlama ye-tensile yenhlama
Izakhiwo ezishukunyiswayo zenhlama zingakhombisa kangcono izakhiwo zenhlama yenhlama ngemuva kokufakazelwa, okubandakanya ukunzwa, ukumelana okuthe xaxa futhi welule isilinganiso senhlama. Izakhiwo ezishukunyiswayo zenhlama zibangelwa ukunwetshwa kwama-molecule we-glutenin ekungeneni kwenhlama, njengoba ukuxhumeka kwamaketanga ama-glutenin ama-glutecur kunquma ukuqina kwenhlama [921]. I-terminia, uSmith (1987) [98] bakholelwa ukuthi ukugcwala kwama-polymers kuncike ezinhlelweni ezimbili zamakhemikhali zamakhemikhali, okungukuthi, ukwephulwa kwamakhethini wesibili phakathi kwamaketanga ama-molecular kanye nokuguqulwa kwamaketanga axhumene nama-molecular. Lapho izinga lokuwohloka kwamaketanga ama-molecular liphansi, i-chain molecular ayikwazi ukubhekana nokwanele futhi ngokushesha ibhekane nengcindezelo ekhiqizwe yi-chain yamangqamuya, futhi ubude bokunwetshwa kwe-chain molecular bufushane futhi. Kuphela lapho izinga lokudangala le-chain molecular lingaqinisekisa ukuthi uchungechunge lwama-molecular lungakhubazeka ngokushesha nangokwanele, futhi ama-node amabhondi angenakonakaliso asolazini, ukunwebeka kwe-polymer kungandiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqula indlela yokukhubazeka nokuziphatha okuhle kwe-gluten protein chain kuzoba nomthelela ezindaweni ezishukumisayo zenhlama [92].
Ithebula eli-2.3 libala imiphumela yamanani ahlukene we-HPMC (O, 0.5%, 1% no-2%) kanye nokuphikiswa okuhlukile kwenhlama 1'9 (45 min, ukumelana, ukumelana okuphezulu, ukunwebeka, isilinganiso sendlala kanye nesilinganiso sokunwetshwa kwesilinganiso esiphezulu). Imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezishukumisayo zawo wonke amasampula enhlama anda ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokufakazelwa ngaphandle kokunwebeka kwesandiso sesikhathi sokufakazelwa. Ngenani lamandla, kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-90 imizuzu, amasampula enhlama akhuphuke kancane kancane ngaphandle kokufakwa kwe-1% HPMC, futhi inani lamandla lawo wonke amasampula wenhlama elanda kancane kancane. Kwakungekho zinguquko ezibalulekile. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lapho isikhathi sokufakazelwa singamaminithi angama-90, isakhiwo senethiwekhi yenhlama (ukuxhumeka kwesiphambano phakathi kwamaketanga ama-molefanel) akhiwa ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokufakazelwa siphinde sandiswa, futhi akukho mehluko omkhulu ngenani lamandla. Ngasikhathi sinye, lokhu kunganikeza inkomba yokuthola isikhathi senhlama yenhlama. Njengesikhathi sokufakazela isikhathi eside, kwakhiwa ama-secondary ama-bolendare phakathi kwamaketanga ama-molefaner futhi amaketanga amamokazi axhumene kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukumelana okuthe xaxa kanye nokuphikiswa okuphezulu okuphezulu nokuphikiswa okuphezulu okukhuphukayo ukukhuphuka kancane kancane kancane. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokukhubazeka kwamaketanga ama-molecular anciphise ngokwanda kwamabhondi wesibili phakathi kwamaketanga ama-molecular kanye nokuxhumeka kwenhlama kwama-molecular, okuholele ekunciphiseni kwenhlama isikhathi. Ukwanda kokuphikiswa okuthe xaxa / ukumelana okuphezulu okuphezulu kanye nokwehla okuphezulu kuholele ekukhuphukeni kwesilinganiso se-Tensile LL / Manage Tensile.
Kodwa-ke, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungacindezela ngempumelelo lowo mkhuba ongenhla futhi ushintshe izakhiwo ezishukumisayo zenhlama. Ngokukhuphuka kwesengezo se-HPMC, ukumelana okuthe xaxa, ukumelana okuthe xaxa kanye nokumelana okuphezulu kanye nenani lamandla yenhlama konke kwehle ngokulandelana, ngenkathi ukunwebeka kwanda. Ngokukhethekile, lapho isikhathi sokufakazelwa sasingamaminithi angama-45, ngokunyuka kwesengezo se-HPMC, inani lamandla wenhlama linciphile kakhulu, ngo-120.30 j (90.30 ±
I-J (2% HPMC ingeziwe). Ngasikhathi sinye, ukumelana okukhulu kwenhlama kwehle kusuka ku-674.50 - A: 34.58 Bu (kungenalutho) kuya ku-591.80 - A: 715 hpmc Kodwa-ke, ukugcwala kwenhlama kwanda kusuka ku-154.75 + 7.57 miti (angenalutho) kuya ku-164.70-a: 2.55 m / rl (1% hpmc (4% hpmc (1 67.20 Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yokwanda kokuqukethwe kwamanzi epulasitiki ngokungeza i-HPMC, okunciphisa ukumelana nokuguquguquka kwe-HPMC kanye ne-gluten protein chain ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlama, okuzothinta ikhwalithi (isib. ivolumu, ukuthungwa) komkhiqizo wokugcina.

2.3.4 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina efrijini kwizakhiwo zezinhlanhla zenhlama
Izakhiwo ze-Rheological zenhlama ziyisici esibalulekile sezakhiwo zenhlama, ezingakhombisa ngokuhlelekile izakhiwo zenhlama enjenge-viscoeliastity, ukuqina kanye nezimpawu zokucubungula, kanye nezinguquko ezikwizakhiwo ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa nokugcinwa.

Umphumela 2.1 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC kwizakhiwo ze-Rheological of Frozen Dough
Umdwebo 2.1 ukhombisa ukuguqulwa kwe-modulus yokugcina (i-elastic modulus, g ') kanye nokulahlekelwa modulus (i-viscous modulus, imiphumela yakhombisa ukuthi inciphise i-HPMC yehle kakhulu, kanti imiphumela ye-G "yayincane, futhi / i-Q (G (g' 'g' '/ g' ' kwanda. Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi kwenhlama kulinyazwe amakristalu eqhwa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kweqhwa, okunciphisa amandla ayo ahlelekile futhi ngaleyondlela i-modulus ye-elastic inciphisa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, umehluko we-G 'wehla kancane kancane. Ikakhulu, lapho inani elingeziwe le-HPMC lalingu-2%, umehluko we-G 'kwakuyincane kakhulu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukwakheka kwamakristalu eqhwa kanye nokwanda ngosayizi wamakristalu eqhwa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukulimala kwesakhiwo senhlama nokugcina amandla enhlama yenhlama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani le-G 'yenhlama yenhlama likhulu kunaleso senhlama esimanzi-gluten, ngenkathi i-G "Inani lenhlama lincane kunaleso senhlama enkulu, ikakhulukazi esihlakazekile esakhiweni senethiwekhi ye-gluten.
2.3.5 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina sokuqalisa kokuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhokhwayo (OW) kwinhlama eqandisiwe
Akuwona wonke umswakama enhlama ungakha amakristalu eqhwa endaweni yokushisa ethile ephansi, ehlobene nesimo somswakama (ukugeleza kwamahhala, okuvinjelwe, okuhlanganiswe nezinye izinto, njll.) Nemvelo yayo. Amanzi angenasisekelo anamanzi enhlama engaba ngaphansi kwenguquko yesigaba ukuze wakhe amakristalu eqhwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Inani lamanzi angenasisekelo lithinta ngqo inombolo, usayizi nokusabalalisa ukwakheka kwe-Ice Crystal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe kwamanzi okungahambi kahle kuthintwa izinguquko zezemvelo, njengokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo, ukuguquguquka kokushisa kwesitoreji, kanye noshintsho lwesakhiwo sohlelo lwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezakhiwo. Kwinhlama eqandisiwe ngaphandle kwe-HPMC eyengeziwe, ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo, i-Q Silicon ikhuphuke kakhulu, kusukela ngo-32.48 ± 0.13 ± 0.13 ± 09.13 ± 0.64% (isitoreji esiqhakazile sezinsuku eziyi-0 I-Tibetan yezinsuku ezingama-60), izinga lokukhuphuka lalingu-20.47%. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji eqandisiwe, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, izinga lokukhuphuka kwe-CFW lehlile, lilandelwa ngo-18.41%, ne-12.48% (itafula 2.4). Ngasikhathi sinye, i-O∥ yenhlama engafundile yehle ngokuhambisana nokwanda kwenani le-HPMC elingeziwe, kusuka ku-32.48A-0.72% (ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC) kuya ku-3.73 ± 0,7% (I-Add0.5% HPMC), 3 1.29 + 0.03% (Ukungeza i-1% HPMC) no-30.44 ± 0.03% Enqubweni yesitoreji esibandayo, kanye nokuphindaphinda, isakhiwo senhlama siyabhujiswa, ngakho-ke leyo ngxenye yamanzi angakhululeki iguqulwa ibe ngamanzi angenamandla, ngaleyo ndlela yandisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhulula. Kodwa-ke, i-HPMC ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukwakheka kanye nokukhula kwamakristalu eqhwa futhi ivikele ukuqina kwesakhiwo senhlama, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbela ngokwanda kwalokhu okuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhokhwayo. Lokhu kuyahambisana nomthetho wokushintsha kokuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhokhwayo kwinhlama ye-gluten emanzi eqandisiwe, kepha ngoba inhlama iqukethe isitashi ngaphezulu, inani le-CFW lincane kunenani le-G∥ elinqunywe yinhlama ye-gluten emanzi (Ithebula 3.2).

2.3.6 Imiphumela ye-IPMC yengeze kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa kwikhwalithi yesinkwa esintshontshiwe
2.3.6.1 Ithonya lesamba sengezo se-HPMC nesitoreji esiqandisiwe ngevolumu ethile yesinkwa esintshontshiwe
Ivolumu ethile yesinkwa esintshontshiwe ingakhombisa kangcono ukubukeka nekhwalithi yezinkwa ezinozwela. Uma likhudlwana umthamo othile wesinkwa esintshontshiwe, kukhulu umthamo wesinkwa esintshontshiwe sekhwalithi efanayo, futhi ivolumu ethile inethonya elithile ngokubukeka, umbala, ukuthungwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemizwa kokudla. Ngokuvamile, ama-buns antshontshiwe anevolumu elithile elithile athandwa kakhulu nabathengi ngezinga elithile.

Umphumela we-2.2 Umphumela we-HPMC ukwengeza kanye nesitoreji esibandayo ngevolumu ethile yesinkwa esintshontshiwe
Ivolumu ethile yesinkwa esintshontshiwe ingakhombisa kangcono ukubukeka nekhwalithi yezinkwa ezinozwela. Uma likhudlwana umthamo othile wesinkwa esintshontshiwe, kukhulu umthamo wesinkwa esintshontshiwe sekhwalithi efanayo, futhi ivolumu ethile inethonya elithile ngokubukeka, umbala, ukuthungwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemizwa kokudla. Ngokuvamile, ama-buns antshontshiwe anevolumu elithile elithile athandwa kakhulu nabathengi ngezinga elithile.
Kodwa-ke, umthamo othile wesinkwa esibiwe esenziwe ngenhlama eqandisiwe yehle ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina eqandisiwe. Phakathi kwazo, umthamo othile wesinkwa esibiwe esenziwe ngenhlama eqandisiwe ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC kwakungu-2.835 ± 0.064 cm3 / g (isitoreji esibandayo). Izinsuku eziyi-0) ezansi ku-1.495 ± 0.070 cm3 / g (isitoreji esibandayo izinsuku ezingama-60); Ngenkathi ivolumu ethile yesinkwa esintshontshiwe esenziwe ngenhlama eqandisiwe engeziwe nge-2% HPMC yehle kusuka ku-3.160 ± 0.041 cm3 / g kuya ku-2.160 ± 0.041 cm3 / g. I-451 ± 0.033 cm3 / g, ngakho-ke, umthamo othile wesinkwa esibiwe esenziwe kwinhlama eqandisiwe engeziwe nge-HPMC yehle ngokwanda kwenani elingeziwe. Njengoba ivolumu ethile yesinkwa esintshontshiwe ayithinteki kuphela ngumsebenzi wemvubelo wemvubelo (ukukhiqizwa kwegesi yokuvutshelwa), umthamo olinganiselayo wegesi obambe umthamo wesakhiwo senhlama yenhlama futhi unomthelela obalulekile kwivolumu ethile yomkhiqizo wokugcina [96'9 ekhonjiwe. Imiphumela yokulinganisa yezakhiwo ezingenhla zemboleko ikhombisa ukuthi amandla okuthembeka kanye namandla enhlama yenhlama abhujiswa ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcina eqhwa, futhi izinga lomonakalo liyaqina ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina. Ngesikhathi senqubo, umthamo walo wegesi ophethe ampofu, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwevolumu ethile yesinkwa esintshontshiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungavikela ngokuphumelelayo ubuqotho besakhiwo senhlama yenhlama, ukuze izakhiwo ezibambe umoya zenhlama zigcinwe kangcono, ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokugcina sezinsuku ezingama-60, ngokwengeziwe kwesinkwa se-HPMC, ivolumu ethile yesinkwa esihambisanayo sehle kancane kancane.
2.3.6.2 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi esiqandisiwe kwizakhiwo zokuthululwa kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe
I-TPA (Iphrofayili yephrofayili yokuhlaziya) Ukuhlolwa kwempahla engokwemvelo kungakhombisa kahle izakhiwo zemishini kanye nekhwalithi yokudla kwe-pasta, kufaka phakathi ubunzima, ubumbano, ukuhlangana, ukubumbana nokuqina. Umdwebo ongu-2.3 ukhombisa umphumela we-HPMC ukwengeza nesikhathi sokuqandeka ngobulukhuni besinkwa esintshontshiwe. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ngenhlama entsha ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuqandayo, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, ubulukhuni besinkwa esintshontshiwe kakhulu lukhuphuka. Kwehlisiwe kusuka ku-355.55 ± 24.65g (isampula engenalutho) kuya ku-310.48 ± 20.99 g (engeza i-1% T-IPMC) kanye ne-215.29 + 13.37 g (2% HPMC angeziwe). Lokhu kungahle kuhlobane nokwanda kwevolumu ethile yesinkwa esintshontshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kungabonakala kusuka kuMdwebo 2.4, njengoba inani le-HPMC elingeziwe lenyuka, ukuvelela kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe esenziwe ngenhlama entsha kukhulisa kakhulu, kusuka ku-0.968 ± 0.006 (ngokulandelana. .020 ± 0.004 (engeza u-0.5% HPMC), 1.073 ± 0.006 (engeza i-1% I-IPMC) kanye ne-1.176 ± 0.003 (engeza 2% HPMC). Izinguquko zobulukhuni kanye nokuqina kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe kuveze ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yesinkwa esintshontshiwe. Lokhu kuyahambisana nemiphumela yocwaningo yeRosell, Rojas, Benedito de Barber (2001) noBarcenas, Rosell (2005) [izibungu], okungukuthi, i-HPMC, okungukuthi, okungu-HPMC kunganciphisa kakhulu ubunzima besinkwa futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yesinkwa.

Umkhiqizi we-Fig 2.3 we-HPMC ukwengeza kanye nesitoreji esibandayo ngobulukhuni besinkwa esintshontshiwe saseChina
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina esiqandisiwe senhlama eqandisiwe, ubunzima besinkwa esintshontshiwe esenziwe yikhuphuke kakhulu (p <0.05), ngenkathi ukuqina kwehle kwehle (ngenkathi ukunwebeka kwehle kakhulu (P <0.05). Kodwa-ke, ubulukhuni be-buns entshontshiwe eyenziwe ngenhlama eqandisiwe ngaphandle kwe-HPMC eyengeziwe inyuke ukusuka ku-358.267 ± 42.103 g (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku eziyi-0 342.014 g (isitoreji esibandayo izinsuku ezingama-60);

Ubulukhuni besinkwa esintshontshiwe esenziwe ngenhlama eqandisiwe nge-2% hpmc inyuke kusuka ku-208.533 ± 15.566 g (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku eziyi-0 Umphumela 2.4 Umphumela we-HPMC Isengezo se-HPMC kanye nesitoreji esiqandisiwe entwasahlobo yesinkwa esintshontshiwe ngokuya ngenhlama ebekiwe ngaphandle kwe-0.968 ± 0.689 ± 0.689 ± 0.689 ± 0.689 (iqhwa izinsuku ezingama-60); Iqhwa nge-2% HPMC yengeze ukunwebeka kwama-buns antshontshiwe okwenziwe ngenhlama kwehle kusuka ku-1.176 ± 0.003 (ukuqandisa ngezinsuku eziyi-0 0,962 ± 0.962 ± 0.962 Ngokusobala, izinga lokukhuphuka kobulukhuni kanye nenani lokuncipha kokuqina kwehle ngokwanda kwenani elingeziwe le-HPMC kwinhlama yeqhwa ngesikhathi senhla kweqhwa ngesikhathi sokugcina eqandisiwe ngesikhathi seqhwa. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yesinkwa esintshontshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iThebula 2.5 libala imiphumela yezengezo ze-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esiqandisiwe kwezinye izinkomba zesinkwa esintshontshiwe. ) ayengenalo ushintsho olubalulekile (p> 0.05); Kodwa-ke, ezinsukwini eziyi-0 zokuqandeka, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, ukungcola nokuhlaziywa kwehle kwehle kakhulu (k

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokunweba isikhathi sokuqandisa, ukuhlangana kokubuyisela emuva kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe kwehle kakhulu. Isinkwa esintshontshiwe esenziwe ngenhlama eqandisiwe ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC, ukubumbana kwayo kwandiswa ngu-O. 86-4-0.03 g (Isitoreji esiqandisiwe sezinsuku ezingama-0 0,17 sezinsuku eziyi-0 izinsuku) izinsuku ezingama-60); Kodwa-ke, kuma-buns antshontshiwe enziwe ngenhlama eqandisiwe nge-2% HPMC engeziwe, ukubumbana kwancishiswa kusuka ku-0.53 + 0.02 g (izinsuku eziyi-0 0.01 g (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku ezingama-0 0,5- 4-07 izinsuku). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunwebeka kwesikhathi sokugcina eqandisiwe, ukunamathela nokukhazimula kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe kukhuphuke kakhulu. Isinkwa esintshontshiwe esenziwe ngenhlama eqandisiwe ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC, ukunamathela kwandiswa ngo-336.54 + 37. I-24 (izinsuku eziyi-0 zezitoreji eqandisiwe) zikhuphuke ziye ku-1232.86 ± 67.67 (izinsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina iqhwa), ngenkathi ukuhlafuna ukukhuphuka kusuka ku-325.76 + 34.64 (izinsuku eziyi-0 34.63 (ezifriziwe zezinsuku ezingama-60); Kodwa-ke, kuma-buns antshontshiwe enziwe ngenhlama eqandisiwe nge-2% HPMC engezwe, ukunamathela kukhuphuke kusuka ku-206.62 + 1 1.84 (eqandisiwe izinsuku eziyi-0 ..84. I-96 + 45.58 (Isitoreji Esiqandisiwe Sezinsuku ezingama-60), ngenkathi ukuhlafuna kukhuphuke kusuka ngo-200.78 + 10.21 (Isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-404.53 + 31.26 (Isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku ezingama-60). Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungavimbela ngempumelelo izinguquko ezindaweni zokuthululwa zesinkwa esintshontshiwe esibangelwa isitoreji esibangelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ezindaweni zokuthululwa kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe esibangelwa isitoreji esibangelwa (njengokukhuphuka kokunamathela nokuncipha kanye nokuncipha kwamandla okuvuselela amafomu athile athambile. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zenhlama (isib., Ukudla, ukugcwala, kanye nezakhiwo ze-Rheological) kungenziwa ukwengeza i-HPMC kwinhlama yeqhwa, ukukhula kwe-Ice Crystals (ukukhula kabusha kwe-Ice Crystals (ukukhula kabusha kwe-Ice Crystals (inqubo yokusatshalaliswa kabusha), yenza inhlama eqandisiwe Ikhwalithi yama-buns asetshenzisiwe athuthukile.
2.4 ISAHHLUKO
I-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) uhlobo lwe-hydrophilic colloul, kanye nocwaningo lwayo lwesicelo kwinhlama ye-Frozen nge-Chinese-Styta PASTA Ukudla (njengesinkwa esintshontshiwe) njengoba umkhiqizo wokugcina usantuleka. Inhloso esemqoka yalolu cwaningo ukucubungula umphumela wokuphuculwa kwe-HPMC ngokuphenya nge-HPMC ukwengeza izakhiwo zenhlama yeqhwa nekhwalithi yesinkwa se-HPMC ngesinkwa esintshontshiwe kanye neminye imikhiqizo yefulawa yaseChina. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingathuthukisa izakhiwo ezihamba phambili zenhlama. Lapho inani lokungezwa le-HPMC lingu-2%, izinga lokufakwa kwamanzi kwenhlama likhuphuka lisuka ku-58.10% eqenjini lokulawula libe yi-60.60%; 2 min inyuke yaba ngu-12,2 min; Ngasikhathi sinye, isikhathi senhlama sehle kusuka ku-2.1 min eqenjini elilawulayo liye ku-1.5 mill; Izinga elibuthakathaka lehlile lisuka ku-55 FU eqenjini lokulawula libe ngu-18 FU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-HPMC ibuye ithuthukise nezici ezinzima zenhlama. Ngokwanda kwenani le-HPMC elingeziwe, ukugcwala inhlama kukhule kakhulu; kuncishiswe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokugcina eqandisiwe, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kunciphise izinga lokukhuphuka kokuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhokhwayo, lapho kuvimbela ukulimala kwenhlama yenhlama okubangelwa yi-Ice Crycolastication kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo senhlama, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukuqina kwesakhiwo senhlama yenethiwekhi. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina iqinisekisiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisile ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC nakho kube nokulawulwa okuhle kwekhwalithi kanye nomphumela wokuthuthuka kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe esenziwe ngenhlama eqandisiwe. Kwamasampula ama-UNDRROZEN, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kwandise umthamo othile wesinkwa esintshontshiwe futhi kuthuthukise izindawo zokuthululwa kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe - kunciphise ubunzima besinkwa esintshontshiwe, futhi ngasikhathi sinye banciphise ukunamathela nokukhanya kwesinkwa esintshontshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kuvinjelwe ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi ye-buns entshontshiwe eyenziwe ngenhlama ye-Frozen ngokunwebeka kwe-buns eshisayo, kanye nokunciphisa ukuncipha kwama-buns antshontshiwe, ubumbano kanye nokuncipha kwamandla okubuyisa.
Ekuphetheni, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingafakwa ekucutshungulweni kwenhlama eqandisiwe ngesinkwa esintshontshiwe njengomkhiqizo wokugcina, futhi inomphumela wokugcina isinkwa esinempilo.
Imiphumela yeSahluko 3 ye-HPMC yengeze ekwakhiweni nasezakhiweni ze-sweat gluten ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo
3.1 Isingeniso
I-Wheat Gluten iyiprotheni yokugcina enkulu kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezisanhlamvu kakolweni, ezimalini zabalwa ngaphezulu kwamaprotheni aphelele. Ngokusho kwe-solubility yezakhi zayo, ingahlukaniswa cishe i-glutenin (incibilike ngesisombululo se-alkaline) kanye ne-gliadin (incibilike ngesisombululo se-alkaline). ngesixazululo se-ethanol). Phakathi kwazo, isisindo se-molecular (MW) se-glutenin siphakeme njenge-1x107DA, futhi sinezimboni ezimbili, ezingakha izibopho ze-lulmolecular kanye nezenhlalo ye-lufmulfide; Ngenkathi isisindo se-molecular of gliadin siyi-1x104da kuphela, futhi kune-subunit eyodwa kuphela, engakha ama-molecule angaphakathi we-dilelfide bond [100]. Amakhampasi, Steffe, & NG (1 996) ahlukanise ukwakheka kwenhlama ngezinqubo ezimbili: Ukufakwa kwamandla (inqubo yokuxuba nenhlangano yenhlama) neyesakhiwo senhlama). Ngokuvamile kuzwakala ukuthi ngesikhathi senhlama yenhlama, i-Glutenin inquma ukuqina kanye namandla enhlama yenhlama, ngenkathi u-gliadin enquma ukubonwa kanye nokwehla kwenhlama [102]. Kungabonakala ukuthi amaprotheni ama-gluten aneqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu futhi elihlukile ekwakhekeni kwesakhiwo senhlama yenhlama, futhi anikeze inhlama ngokuhlangana, ama-viscoeliastity kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusuka endaweni yokubuka eyi-microscopic, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezici ezintathu esihambisana nokwakhiwa kwamabhondi angenama-combares aphakathi nendawo (njengama-disdogede bond) namabutho angezona ama-hydrogen, amabutho ama-hydrogen) [103]. Yize amandla esiko lesibili
Ubungako nokuqina kubuthakathaka kunezibopho ezi-combared, kepha zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni i-gluten [1041].
Inhlama eqandisiwe, ngaphansi kwezimo eziqandayo, ukwakheka kwamakristalu eqhwa (i-crystallization kanye nenqubo yokuphindaphinda) kuzodala ukuthi isakhiwo senhlama yenhlama sincishiswe ngokomzimba, futhi ubuqotho bayo buyabhujiswa, kanye nobuqotho bayo. Ihambisana nezinguquko ekwakhiweni nasezakhiweni ze-gluten protein [105'1061. Njenge-zhao, et a1. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ze-Spatial Conformational kanye nezakhiwo ze-thermodynamic zamaprotheni ama-gluten zizothinta izakhiwo zenhlama nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, enqubweni yokulondolozwa okubandayo, kungokubaluleka okuthile kokucwaninga ukuphenya izinguquko zesimo samanzi (umbuso we-Ice Crystal) kanye nesakhiwo nezakhiwo ze-gluten protein ngaphansi kwezimo zesikhathi esihlukile sokugcina.
Njengoba kushiwo esingenisweni, njenge-pullulose derivative hydrocollop, ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxypropyllym methylcellulose (HPMC) kwinhlama eqandisiwe ayifundwanga okuningi, futhi ucwaningo ngendlela yalo esenzweni luncane.
Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalokhu kuhlolwa ukusebenzisa inhlama kakolweni gluten (Inhlama ye-gluten) njengomodeli wokucwaninga ukuze aphenye ngokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC (0, ama-2%), amaprotheni amaprotheni ama-mboze, kanye nesakhiwo salo Izakhiwo, bese uhlola izizathu zoshintsho ezingxenyeni zokucubungula zenhlama efriziwe, kanye neqhaza lezinkinga ze-HPMC, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqonda kwezinkinga ezihlobene.
3.2 izinto nezindlela
3.2.1 Izinto zokuhlola
Gluten anhlui rui fu Xiang Food Co, Ltd; I-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC, efanayo nangaphezulu) I-Aladdin Chemical Reagent Co, Ltd.
3.2.2 Izinsizakusebenza zokuhlola
Igama lemishini
Ukutholwa. R3 Rheometer
DSC. I-Q200 ehlukanisa ukuskena ikhalori
Ithuluzi le-PQ00 1 LAHLE-Field NMR
722E Spectrophotometer
Jsm. I-6490lv tungsten filament ukuskena i-elektroni microscope
I-HH Digital Digital Water Water Bath
BC / BD. Isiqandisi 272sc
BCD. I-2013CTCT
Mina. I-5 Ibhalansi ye-Ultra-Microelectronic
Umfundi ozenzakalelayo we-microplate umfundi
I-Nicolet 67 Fourier Transform infrared Spectrometer
FD. 1b. 50 vacuum freeze owomile
KDC. I-160HR enesiqandisi esiyisiqandisi esinejubane eliphakeme
I-Thermo Fisher FC i-wavelength scanning scanning micro 1
Pb. Model 10 Ph Meter
MyP ll. Thayipha 2 Isigqubuli Magnetic
MX. S uhlobo lwe-oscillator yamanje
Sx2.4.10 isithando somlilo
I-KjeltC TM 8400 ezenzakalelayo ze-Kjeldahl Nitrogen Analyser
Umenzi
Inkampani yaseMelika Ta
Inkampani yaseMelika Ta
Inkampani yaseShanghai Nuimut
I-Shanghai Spectrum Ithuluzi Ithuluzi Insiza Co, Ltd.
I-Nippon Electronics Electronics Comshini Co, Ltd.
Ifektri yensimbi ye-Jinni Jincheng Guoseng
Qingdao haier Group
Hefei mei lingili ling Co, Ltd.
USartorius, Germany
I-Thermo Fisher, e-USA
I-Thermo Nicolet, e-USA
I-Beijing Bo Yi Kang Experimental Co, Ltd.
Anhui Zhong Ke Zhong Jia Science Ithuluzi Co, Ltd.
I-Thermo Fisher, e-USA
certoris germany
I-Shanghai Mei Ying Pu Wents Co, Ltd.
Scilogex, e-USA
Huangshi Henngfeng Medicial Equipment Co, Ltd.
Inkampani yaseDanish FOSS
3.2.3 I-reagents yokuhlola
Wonke ama-reagents wamakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwakungamabanga okuhlaziya.
3.2.4 Indlela yokuhlola
3.2.4.1 Ukunqunywa kwezingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-gluten
Ngokusho kwe-GB 5009.5_2010, GB 50093.2010, GB 50094.2010, GB / T 5009.6.2003t78.6.2003t78.6.2003t78.6.2003t78.6.2003t79.6.2003t78.6.2003t78.6.2003T79.6.2003t788-81]

3.2.4.2 Ukulungiswa kwenhlama ye-gluten emanzi eqandisiwe (inhlama ye-gluten)
Isisindo esingu-100 g se-gluten ku-beaker, engeza amanzi anciphile (40%, w / w) kuyo, avuse ngenduku engu-4, bese uyibeka esiqandisini esingu-5 .38 ℃. Isikhathi sesikhathi (izinsuku eziyi-15, izinsuku ezingama-30 nezinsuku ezingama-60)
3.2.4.3 Ukunqunywa Kwezakhiwo Ze-Rheological of Wet Gluten Mass
Lapho isikhathi esihambisanayo sokuqandisa sesiphelile, khipha isisindo esimanzi esinamanzi bese ulibeka esiqandisini esingu-4 ° C ukulingana amahora angu-8. Ngemuva kwalokho, khipha isampula bese ubeka emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni kuze kube yilapho isampula lincibilike ngokuphelele (le ndlela yokuncipha kwesisindo esimanzi esimanzi nayo iyasebenza engxenyeni ethile yokuhlolwa, 2.7.1 no-2.9). Isampula (cishe i-2 g) yendawo ephakathi nendawo ye-gluten emanzi encibilikisiwe yasikwa futhi ibekwe kwisithwali sesampula (ipuleti elingaphansi) se-rheomemeometer (ukutholakala R3). Strain Sweep) Ukunquma i-Linear Viscoelasticity Region (LVR), amapharamitha athile okuhlola asethelwe kanjena - I-FAXTE ipuleti elihambisanayo elinobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-1, futhi izinga lokushisa lisethelwe ku-25 ° C. I-100%, imvamisa isethwe ku-1 Hz. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokushintsha isampula, makuyeke ukuma imizuzu eyi-10, bese wenza amandla ashukumisayo
Ukugcwala imvamisa, amapharamitha athile okuhlola asethwe kanjena - ubunzima ngu-0.5% (e-LVR), kanye nobubanzi be-frequency Sweep ngu-0,1 hz. I-10 Hz, kuyilapho amanye amapharamitha efana ne-strain ekhuphuka imingcele. Idatha yokuskena itholwa kumodi ye-Logarithmic, namaphoyinti wedatha ayi-5 (iziza) aqoshwe kwijika le-hercoological kuwo wonke ama-abcissa, i-modulus (g ') kanye ne-dructological discreve of the ukudliwa. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngemuva kwawo ngasikhathi sinye isampula licindezelwa yi-clamp, isampula eyeqile idinga ukuklwebheka ngobumnene nge-blade, bese ungqimba kapharafini usetshenziswa emaphethelweni wesampula ukuvikela umswakama ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. ukulahleka. Isampula ngayinye yaphindwa kathathu.
3.2.4.4 Ukunqunywa kwezakhiwo zeThermodynamic
Ngokwendlela ye-bot (2003) [1081, ehlukile yokuskena ikhalorimeter (DSC Q.200) kusetshenziswe kulolu vivinyo ukukala izakhiwo ezifanele ze-thermodynamic zamasampula.
(1) Ukunqunywa kokuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhulula (CF Silicon) ku-Wet Gluten Mass
Isampula engu-15 mg ye-gluten emanzi yayikalwa futhi ivalwe nge-aluminible ebekiwe (ilungele amasampula awuketshezi). Inqubo yokuzimisela kanye namapharamitha anje: ukulingana ngo-20 ° C imizuzu engu-5 ° C / min, kukhuphuke i-aluminible yayo engu-10 Inkomba. Ijika le-DSC elitholakele lihlaziywe kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya kwe-software ye-Universal Universal, ngokuhlaziya iziqongo ezitholakala cishe ngo-0 ° C. I-Integrape ukuze uthole ukuncibilika kwenhlangano yezinhlanyisa amakristalu eqhwa (usuku lwe-yu). Ngemuva kwalokho, okuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhokhwayo (i-CFW) kubalwa yifomula elandelayo [85-86]:

Phakathi kwazo, ezintathu, zimelela ukushisa komswakama okulondekile, futhi inani layo lingu-334 j / g; I-MC imelela okuqukethwe okuphelele komswakama we-gluten emanzi kulinganiswa (kulinganiswe ngokuya nge-GB 50093.2010 [. 78]). Isampula ngayinye yaphindwa kathathu.
.
Qhwa iqhwa-i-Frozed-Store-Stored Sampula, gqoka futhi, futhi uyidlulise nge-100-mesh uduzo ukuze uthole i-gluten protein powder (leli sampula eqinile le-powder liyasebenza ku-2.8). Isampula le-10 MG Gluten Protein Sampula lalisindwa futhi livalwe nge-aluminible ebekiwe (yamasampula aqinile). Amapharamitha wokulinganisa we-DSC ahlelwe ngokulandelayo, alingana ngo-20 ° C imizuzu engu-5, bese ekhuphuka abe ngo-100 ° C ngesilinganiso esingu-5 ° C / min, esebenzisa i-nitrogen njengo-80 ml / min. Kusetshenziswa okuvaliwe okunokwethenjwa njengesethenjwa njengesethenjwa, futhi usebenzise ukuhlaziya i-software yokuhlaziya i-2000 ukuhlaziya ijika le-DSC elitholakele ukuthola izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuchazwa kwe-thermal gluten protein (yebo). Isampula ngayinye iphindwa kathathu.
3.2.4.5 Ukunqunywa kokuqukethwe kwama-sulfhydryl kwamahhala (c) kakolweni gluten
Okuqukethwe kwamaqembu ama-Sulfydryl wamahhala anqunywe ngokuya ngendlela ye-Bevedg, Toma, & Nakai (1974) [Hu], ngokulungiswa okufanele. Isisindo esingu-40 mg sikakolweni gluten protein isampula, sinyakazise kahle, futhi senze sahlakazeka ku-4 ml ye-dodecyl sulfonate
Sodium sodium (SDS). I-Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (tris). Glycine (gly). I-Tetrapetic acid 7, Amine (Edta) buffer (10.4% Tris, 6.9 g glycine kanye 1.2 g edta / l, ph.0 I-CentriFugation yemizuzu eyi-10 ku-4 ° C no-5000 × g g. Okokuqala, okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni ku-supernatant kunqunywe yi-realent eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (GROSLENT 5,5. I-Nithio-2. I-Rag / ml), ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 yokufakwa emanzini okugeza ngamanzi angama-25, engeza ukufundwa kwamanzi okungu-412, futhi i-buffer engenhla yayisetshenziswa njengokuqukethwe okungenalutho. Ekugcineni, okuqukethwe kwamahhala kwe-sulfhydryl kwabalwa ngokuya ngefomula elandelayo:

Phakathi kwazo, 73.53 kukhona ukwahlulwa kokuqothulwa; A yinani lokumunca; D yisici sokuhlanza (1 lapha); G ukugxila kwamaprotheni. Isampula ngayinye yaphindwa kathathu.
3.2.4.6 Ukunqunywa kwe-1h i "2 Isikhathi sokuphumula
Ngokusho kwe-Kontogiorgos, i-Goff, & Kasapis (2007) Indlela [1111, 2 g ye-Wet Gluten Magner Magner Tube, bese ifakwa emaphaketheni aphansi we-nuclear nyukliya, bese ifakwa ku-3 min min, insimu Amandla ngu-0.43 t, imvamisa ye-resonance ngu-18.169 Hz, futhi ukulandelana kwe-pulse-mecoom-meiboom-gill (cpmg), futhi ngokulandelana kwesikhashana kwe-pulse kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka nokufakwa kwejika lokubola. Kulesi sivivinyo, sahlelwa ku-O. 5 m s. I-assay ngayinye iskenwa amahlandla ayi-8 ukukhulisa isilinganiso se-Signal-to-Noise (SNR), ngesikhashana esingu-1 phakathi kweSkena ngalinye. Isikhathi sokuphumula sitholakala kwi-equation ebalulekile ebalulekile:

Phakathi kwazo, m uwumsebenzi wesamba sokubola e-exponential se-amplitude yesikhathi esinesikhathi (T) njengoba ukuguquguquka okuzimele; I-Yang) ngumsebenzi wenombolo yenombolo ye-hydrogen protoon enesikhathi sokuphumula (d) njengoba ukuguquguquka okuzimele.
Usebenzisa i-algorithm eqhubekayo kwisoftware yokuhlaziya i-pluncheder ehlanganiswe nenguquko yeLapce Armelorve, i-Inversion yenziwa ukuthola ijika lokusabalalisa eliqhubekayo. Isampula ngayinye iphindwe kathathu
3.2.4.7 Ukunqunywa kwesakhiwo sesibili samaprotheni kakolweni ama-gluten
Kulesi sivivinyo, i-padcometer eguqulwa nge-infrared enencwajana ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ye-action reflection (ATR) isetshenziselwe ukunquma ukwakheka kwesibili kwamaprotheni ama-gluten, futhi i-cadmium mercury merluride crystal yasetshenziswa njengomtshina. Zombili ukuqoqwa kwesampula nokungemuva kwahlelwa izikhathi ezingama-64 ngesinqumo esingu-4 cm ~ kanye nohla lokuskena lwe-4000 cmq-500 cm ~. Spread inani elincane le-protein eliqinile i-powder eqinile ebusweni bedayimane elifanelekile, bese-ke, ngemuva kokujika kwe-wavenumber, bese uqala ukuthola i-wavenumber (wavenumber, cm, nokumunca njenge-Abcissa. .
Sebenzisa isoftware ye-Omnic ukwenza ukulungisa okuzenzakalelayo okuyisisekelo kanye nokulungiswa kwe-ATR okuthuthukile ku-waveNember infrared efrectrum, bese usebenzisa i-Peak. Isoftware ye-Fit 4.12 yenza ukulungisa okuyisisekelo, ukuguqulwa okune-deconVlukwazise kanye nokutholwa kwesibili okufunwayo ku-Amide III Band (1350 cm-1.1200 cm'1) kuze kube yilapho kufakwa i-0. Inani (%), okungukuthi, indawo ephezulu / i-Total Peak Peak. Ukufana kathathu kwenziwa ngesampula ngayinye.
3.2.4.8 Ukunqunywa kwe-Hydrophopobity ye-gluten protein
Ngokwendlela kaKato & Nakai (1980) [1980), naphthalene sulfonicid (ANS) wawusetshenziswa njengophenya lwe-fluorescent ukucacisa i-hydrophophobicity yokolweni. Isisindo se-100 mg gluten protein isampula eqinile ye-powder isampula, usakaze ngo-15 ml, 0.2m, ph 7.0 ph 7.0 phosphate buffered saline (4 "ngaphansi kwesimo se-10 min, bese ususa i-coomassie brilliant blue blue ukukala okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni, khona-ke ngokusho Imiphumela yokulinganisa, i-supernatant ixutshwe nama-PB ama-gradients ama-5, futhi okuhlushwa amaprotheni ku-0 .02.0.5 MG / ML Range.
Isixazululo se-Absorb 40 IL ANS (15.0 mmol / l) sengezwe kusisombululo ngasinye sesampula (4 ml), sinyakazise futhi sinyakaziswe endaweni evikelekile, futhi sisebenzise ngokushesha ipuleti ye-microtate, bese usebenzisa i-automate puletate ephansi ukuze ulinganise amanani aphezulu we-fluorescence nge-365 nm Njengokukhanya okukhanyayo no-484 njenge-ENTIMS LIGHT
3.2.4.9 Ukubukwa kwe-Electron Microscope
Ngemuva kokuqhakambisa i-gluten mass emanzi ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC futhi wengeza i-2% HPMC eyayiqandisiwe izinsuku ezingama-0 nezinsuku ezingama-60, kufafazwe ngegolide ama-scron (jsm.6490lv). Ukuqashelwa kwe-morphological kwenziwa. I-voltage esheshayo yahlelwa kuma-20 kV nokukhulisa kwakuyizikhathi eziyi-100.
3.2.4.10 Ukucutshungulwa kwedatha
Yonke imiphumela ivezwa njengokuphambuka okujwayelekile okungu-4, futhi izivivinyo ezingenhla zaphindwa okungenani kathathu ngaphandle kokuskena i-Electron Microscopy. Sebenzisa imvelaphi 8.0 ukudweba amashadi, futhi usebenzise i-SPSS 19.0 yeyodwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwezindlela zokwehluka kanye nokuhlolwa kwamabanga amaningi kaDuncan, izinga elibalulekile lalingu-0.05.
3. Imiphumela Nengxoxo
3.3.1 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esikhona kwizakhiwo ze-bheological zesisindo esimanzi se-gluten
Izakhiwo ze-Rheological ziyindlela ephumelelayo yokubonisa ukwakheka nezakhiwo zezinto zokudla nokubikezela nokuhlola ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo [113J. Njengoba sonke sazi, amaprotheni ama-gluten yingxenye enkulu yezinto ezibonakalayo ezinikeza inhlama viscoeliastity. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 3.1, imvamisa eshukumisayo eshanela (0.1.10 Hz) Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ama-modulus wesitoreji (g '), ngakho-ke, lesi sikhangiso esimanzi sibonisa izici ze-rherological eziphansi (Umphumela 3.1, ad I-Glutenin i-mutual cross-exhumanisa isakhiwo esakhiwe ngokuhlangana okuvusa ama-combared noma okungeyona i-comban Amahlaya ane-0%, u-0.5% no-1% HPMC angeziwe aboniswe ama-degree aphezulu okuncipha (umdwebo we-3.1, 115). Umehluko wezocansi (Umdwebo 3.1, D). Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi okunezinhlangothi ezintathu ze-gluten isisindo ngaphandle kwe-HPMC kwacekelwa phansi ngamakristalu eqhwa okwakhiwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqandisa, okuhambisana nesikhathi esidalulwa isikhathi eside kudangele ukuthi ukusebenza kwesakhiwo senhlama kuncishiswe kakhulu.

Umphumela we-Fig 3.1 we-HPMC Isengezo kanye nesitoreji esiqandisiwe ezinhlakeni ze-Rheological of Gluten Inhlama
Qaphela: Phakathi kwazo, is the oscillating frequency scanning umphumela we-gluten emanzi ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC: B yi-Oscillating Frequency Scanncrench Umphumela we-Gluten we-HPMC we-0.5%; C ungumphumela we-oscillating frequencting scanning wezenge i-1% HPMC: D yimiphumela yokuskena imvamisa ye-Oscillating Frequency Skerench yokungeza 2% HPMC Wet Gluten Oscillation Frequency Sweep Phendula.
Ngesikhathi esigciniwe, umswakama osenkingeni ye-Wet Gluten Crystallizes ngoba izinga lokushisa liphansi kunendawo yalo yokuqalisa, futhi lihambisana nokukhula komswakama, okwenziwe ngosayizi we-Ice, okwenza amakristalu e-Ices, okwenza amakristalu e-Ices akhiwe ekwakhekeni kwenhlama abhubhise ubuqotho babo futhi Phula ezinye izibopho zamakhemikhali ngokukhishwa ngokomzimba. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhathanisa nokuqhathanisa kwamaqembu kukhombisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukwakheka kwamakristalu eqhwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikeleke ubuqotho kanye namandla athile, umphumela wobunqunu wawuhlotshaniswa kahle nenani le-HPMC elingeziwe.
3.3.2 Imiphumela ye-HPMC Inani lezengezo ne-Freesing Isikhathi Sokugcina ku-Freezer umswakama okuqukethwe (CFW) kanye nokuqina okushisayo
3.3.2.1 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC Expection kanye nesikhathi Sokugcina Sokulondolozwa Kokuqukethwe komswakama okukhokhwayo (CFW) kwinhlama ye-gluten emanzi
Amakristalu e-Ice akhiwa ngokushintshwa kwesigaba kwamanzi angenasisekelo emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwephuzu lawo eliyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhulula kuthinta ngqo inombolo, usayizi nokusabalalisa kwamakristalu eqhwa enhlama efriziwe. Imiphumela yokuhlola (Ithebula 3.2) ikhombise ukuthi njengoba isikhathi sokugcina esandisiwe selulekwa kusukela ezinsukwini eziyi-0 kuye kwezinsuku ezingama-60, i-wet gluten mass Chinese chine chinese ikhula kancane, okuhambisana nemiphumela yocwaningo yabanye [117'1 81]. Ikakhulu, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji eqandisiwe, isigaba se-Enthalpy (usuku) lesisindo esimanzi se-gluten ngaphandle kwe-134.27 j (60 d), ngenkathi okuqukethwe umswakama (60 d), kungukuphakanyiswa kwama-49.78%, kwanda ngo-19.59%. Kodwa-ke, ngoba amasampula angezelelwa ngo-0,5%, 1% no-2% HPMC, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zokuqandisa, i-C-CHAT inyuke ngo-20.07%, ngokulandelana, okuhambisana ne-matuda, et a1. .
Ukwanda kwe-CFW kubangelwa ikakhulukazi inqubo yokuphindaphinda futhi kuguqulwe kwe-gluten protein conformation, eshintsha isimo samanzi emanzini angakhululeki emanzi angenasisekelo. Lolu shintsho esimweni somswakama luvumela amakristalu eqhwa ukuba abhajwe emaphakathi ekwakhekeni kwenethiwekhi, isakhiwo senethiwekhi (ama-pores) kancane kancane, okuholela ekuchithekeni kwezindonga ezinkulu ze-pores. Kodwa-ke, umehluko obalulekile we-0W phakathi kwesampula ngokuqukethwe okuthile kwe-HPMC kanye nesampula engenalutho kukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingagcina ukulimala kwamakristalu eqhwa ekwakhekeni kwenethiwekhi ye-gluten, futhi kuvinjelwe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. ukonakala.

3.3.2.2 Imiphumela yokwengeza okuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokugcina sokuqina kokuqina okushisayo kwamaprotheni ama-gluten
Ukuqina okushisayo kwe-gluten kunethonya elibalulekile ekwakhekeni okusanhlamvu kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ye-pasta ecutshungulwe kahle [211]. Umdwebo 3.2 ukhombisa ijika le-DSC etholakele ngokushisa (° C) njenge-Abscissa nokugeleza kokushisa (MW) njengokuqalwa. Imiphumela yokuhlola (Ithebula 3.3) ithole ukuthi ukushisa okushisa ukushisa kwamaprotheni ama-gluten ngaphandle kokuqandeka futhi ngaphandle kokungeza i-I-IPMC kwakungu-52.95 ° C, obekuhambisana noLeon, et A1. (2003) kanye ne-Khatkar, uBharaki, noMudgil (2013) babike imiphumela efanayo. Ngokungezwa kwe-0% isrozen, O. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa kokushisa kwamaprotheni ama-gluten nge-5%, i-1% ne-2% hpmc, ukushisa okushisa kokushisa kwamaprotheni ama-gluten ahambelana no-7.40 ℃, 5.02 ℃ no-4.58 ℃ no-4.58 ℃ no-4.58 ℃ no-4.58 ℃, ngokulandelana. Ngokusobala, ngaphansi kwesimo sesikhathi esifanayo sokugcina sokugcina, ukwanda kokushisa kwe-denaturation peak (n) kwehle ngokulandelana ngokwanda kokungezwa kwe-HPMC. Lokhu kuyahambisana nemithetho yokushintsha kwemiphumela yokukhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasampula ama-UNDRROZEN, njengoba inani le-HPMC elingeziwe lenyuka, amanani we-N ancipha ngokulandelana. Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwe-intermolecular phakathi kwe-HPMC enomsebenzi we-molecular suction kanye ne-gluten, njengokukwakheka kwezibopho ezi-comban

QAPHELA: Izinhlamvu ezahlukene ze-SuperScript kwikholomu efanayo zibonisa umehluko omkhulu (p <0.05) Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Myers (1990) Ngaphezu kwalokho i-asteriin molecule ichaza ama-molecule ama-hydrophobic futhi ibamba iqhaza kwinqubo yokulwa ne-molecule [1231]. Ngakho-ke, amanye amaqembu e-hydrophobic eGluten adalulwa ngesikhathi sokuqandeka, futhi i-HPMC ingazinza ngempumelelo i-molecular confolformation ye-gluten.

Umdwebo 3.2 Ama-Thermogram ajwayelekile we-DSC amaprotheni ama-gluten ane-0% HPMC (a); nge-O.5% HPMC (B); Qaphela: A yi-DSC Curve of Wheat gluten ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC; B ukufakwa kwe-O. DSC Curve of Wheat gluten nge-5% HPMC; C yijika le-DSC le-Wheat Gluten nge-1% HPMC; D yi-DSC Curve of Wheat Gluten nge-2% hpmc 3.3.3 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC ye-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ku-Sulfhydryl okuqukethwe kwamahhala okuqukethwe kwe-sulfhydryl (C-SH) ama-intermolexular I-Dislfide Bond (-SS-) ukuxhunyaniswa kwama-covate okwakhelwe ama-dehydrogenation amaqembu amabili wamahhala we-sulfhydryl (.sh). I-Glutenin yakhiwa i-Glutenin ne-gliadin, okwedlule kungakha ama-bulmolecular amangalisayo nama-unmolecular amabhondi, kanti owokugcina angenza kuphela izibopho ze-sulvulfide ze-angramolecular [1241] Ngakho-ke, izibopho ze-Diskulfide ziyisibopho se-wempilfide esingaphakathi / se-intermolecular. indlela ebalulekile yokuxhumanisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwengeza i-0%, o. I-C-SH ye-5% ne-1% HPMC ngaphandle kokuqanjwa kwe-c-sh ye-c-sh ye-gluten ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zokuqandisa zinokukhulisa ngokulandelana. Ngokukhethekile, ubuso obungenayo i-HPMC engeziwe i-Gbuten C. Sh inyuke ngo-3.74 "z.25" I-ONL / G kuya ku- 7.20 no-1.36 " UZhao, et A1. (2012) uthole ukuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-120 zokugcinwa kweqhwa, okuqukethwe kwamaqembu we-Thiol wamahhala kuncishiswe kakhulu kunezinye izinsuku eziyi-15, okungabangelwa yimiphumela yokuqothula ye-gluten yesakhiwo samaphrotheni, esenza kube lula kakhulu futhi Izibopho ze-Intramolecular Disvulfide zakhiwa endaweni yesikhathi esifushane [1161. Wang, et a1. (1251 ukunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokuqalisa.

Umphumela we-Fig 3.3 wokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC nokugcina okuqandisiwe kokuqukethwe kwama-gluten amaprotheni njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amanzi angabaleki angakha amakristalu aphansi emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngakho-ke, ngokunwebeka kwesikhathi esibandayo, amakristalu eqhwa aba makhulu, anciphise ukwakheka kwe-gluten protein ngokwengeziwe, futhi kuholela ekwakhekeni kwamanye ama-sulfmolecular athile ama-sulvulfide bond, okukhulisa okuqukethwe kwamaqembu ama-sulfhydryl we-antmolecular. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingavikela isibopho se-Dislulfide kusuka ekulimaleni kwamakristalu eqhwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela inqubo ye-depolmerization yamaprotheni ama-gluten. 3.3.4 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina sokuphumula ngesikhathi sokuphumula esishisayo (T2) se-gluten mass mass ukusatshalaliswa kwesikhathi sokuphumula esiguqukayo (T2) kungakhombisa imodeli kanye nenqubo enamandla yokufuduka kwamanzi ezindaweni zokudla zamanzi ezindaweni zokudla zamanzi ezintweni zokudla [6]. Umdwebo 3.4 ukhombisa ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo esimanzi esimanzi ezinsukwini eziyi-0 kanye nezinsuku ezingama-60 ngezengezo ezihlukile ze-HPMC, kufaka phakathi izikhawu ezi-4 eziphambili zokusatshalaliswa, okungu-10.1 ms (T22), 10.100 MS (T2-1 000 ms (T24). AmaBosmans et al. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-kontogiorgos (2007) - T11¨, "imichilo" yesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gluten protein yakhiwa ngamanzi ambalwa (noma amanzi aphakathi nendawo, amanzi alo manzi aphakathi kokuhamba kwamanzi aboshwe namanzi angenamanzi. Futhi i-T23 ingabangelwa isikhathi sokuphumula samanzi akhawulelwe. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-T24 (> 100 MS) kunesikhathi sokuphumula eside, ngakho-ke kuphawula amanzi amahhala ngokuhamba okuqinile. La manzi akhona kuma-pores wesakhiwo senethiwekhi, futhi kukhona kuphela amandla abuthakathaka anobuthakathaka ohlelweni lwamaprotheni ama-gluten.

Umkhimo we-Fig 3.4 we-FIPMC Isengezo kanye nesitoreji esiqandisiwe kuma-curve wokusabalalisa wesikhathi sokuphumula esiguqukayo senhlama ye-gluten
QAPHELA: A no-B bamele isikhathi sokuphumula esiguqukayo
Ukuqhathanisa amahlaya amamanzi amancane anamanani ahlukile we-HPMC agcinwe kwisitoreji esiqandisiwe izinsuku ezingama-60 kanye nesitoreji esiphelele se-T21 kanye ne-T24 akukhombisanga kakhulu ukwandisa inani elithile lamanzi aboshwe. Okuqukethwe, okungabangelwa iqiniso lokuthi izinto eziphambili ezibopha amanzi (amaprotheni ama-gluten ane-starch encane) azange zishintshwe kakhulu ngokufakwa kwenani elincane le-HPMC. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuqhathanisa izindawo zokusabalalisa ze-T21 ne-T24 yesisindo esimanzi esinamanzi esilinganayo se-HPMC esingezwe ngezikhathi ezihlukile zokugcina, futhi kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwenqubo yokugcina efriyikayo, futhi unomthelela ongemuhle emvelweni. Izinguquko azinandaba kangako futhi azithinteka kancane.
Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona umehluko osobala ekuphakameni nasendaweni yokusatshalaliswa kwe-T23 ye-Wet Gluten Mass ebingaveli futhi equkethe okungeziwe kwe-HPMC okuhlukile, futhi ngokungezwa kwezengezo, ukuphakama nendawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-T23 kukhuphukile (Fig. 3.4). Lolu shintsho lukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingakhuphula kakhulu okuqukethwe okuhlobene kwamanzi alinganiselwe, futhi kuhlobene kahle nenani elingeziwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sesitoreji esibandayo, ukuphakama nendawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-T23 kwesisindo esimanzi esimanzi ngokuqukethwe okufanayo kwe-HPMC kwehla ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa namanzi aboshwe, amanzi alinganiselwe akhombisa umphumela othile kwisitoreji sokuqandisa. Ukuzwela. Lo mkhuba uphakamisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-gluten protein matrix namanzi avaliwe eba buthaka. Lokhu kungaba yingoba amaqembu amaningi e-hydrophobic adalulwa ngesikhathi sokuqandeka, okuhambisana nezilinganiso zokushisa okushisa okuphezulu kwe-denaturation. Ikakhulu, ukuphakama nendawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-T23 kwesisindo esimanzi esimanzi ngesengezo se-2% HPMC akukhombisanga umehluko omkhulu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingakhawulela ukufuduka kanye nokusatshalaliswa kabusha kwamanzi, futhi ingavimba ukuguqulwa kwesimo samanzi kusuka esimweni esinqunyelwe kwiFreeZing.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakama nendawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-T24 kwesisindo esimanzi esinamanzi anokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-HPMC kwakuhluke kakhulu (futhi okuqukethwe okuhlobene namanzi mahhala kuhlanganiswe kabi nenani le-HPMC elingezwe. Lokhu kuphambene nokusatshalaliswa kwe-dang. Ngakho-ke, lo mthetho wokuhluka ukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC inamanzi aphethe amanzi futhi iguqula amanzi amahhala ukuze avale amanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zokuqandisa, ukuphakama nendawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-T24 kukhuphuke kuze kube sezingeni elihlukahlukene, okuveze ukuthi umbuso wamanzi washintsha kusuka emanzini anqabile ngesikhathi senqubo egelezayo. Lokhu kungenxa yoshintsho lwe-gluten protein conformation kanye nokubhujiswa kweyunithi ye- "ungqimba" esakhiweni se-gluten, esishintsha isimo samanzi avalelwe kuwo. Yize okuqukethwe kwamanzi angabaleki azimisele yi-DSC futhi kukhuphuka ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yomehluko ngezindlela zokulinganisa kanye nemigomo yokungenisa ama-paren namanzi angenamandla angafani ngokuphelele. Kuma-gluten amanzi angezwe nge-2% hpmc, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji sokuqandisa, akukho kokusatshalaliswa kwabane okubonisa umehluko omkhulu, okukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingagcina isimo samanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezibambe amanzi ngenxa ye-gluten. kanye nokuzinzile okuzinzile.
3.3.5 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yesengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina ekwakhiweni kwesibili kwe-gluten protein
Ngokuvamile, ukwakheka kwesibili kwamaprotheni ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezine, α-spiral, β-fowed, β-amakhona kanye namakhefu lokungahleliwe. Izibopho ezibaluleke kakhulu zesibili zokwakheka kanye nokuzinza kwezindawo zokuhlanza impahla yamaprotheni ama-hydrogen bond. Ngakho-ke, i-protein denaturation iyinqubo yokuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen bond kanye nezinguquko ezisebenzayo.
I-Peorier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) isetshenziswe kabanzi ekutholeni ukubhebhetheka okuphezulu kwesakhiwo sesibili samasampula amaprotheni. Ama-band alingiswa kwi-infrared deprectrum yamaprotheni ikakhulukazi afaka phakathi, i-Indide Ind (1700.1600 cm-1), i-IIDE III BAND (1350.1200 CM-1). Ngokulandelana, i-Amide ngibhande i-Amunction Peak kusuka ekudlidlizelweni kwe-Carbonyl (-n = O.) Ukuzwela okuphezulu kuzinguquko ekwakhiweni kwe-Protein Secondary [128'1291. Yize amaqembu amathathu angenhla Ngenkathi ukuqina okuphezulu kokufakwa kwe-INDIDE I-Ind ngiphezulu, abacwaningi abaningi bahlaziya ukwakheka kwesibili kwamaprotheni ngaleli bhendi [1301, kepha inani eliphakeme lokumunca kanye ne-Indide Ind aqothulwe cishe ngo-1640 cm. I-1 wavenumber (yambozwa), okuthinta ukunemba kwemiphumela. Ngakho-ke, ukuphazanyiswa kwamanzi kukhawulela ukuzimisela kwe-Indide engikuzungezile ekuzimiseleleni kwesakhiwo se-Protein Secondary. Kulesi silingo, ukuze kugweme ukuphazanyiswa kwamanzi, okuqukethwe okuhlobene nezinhlaka ezine zesibili amaprotheni ama-gluten atholakala ngokuhlaziya iqembu le-IIDIde III. Isikhundla se-peak (isikhawu se-wavenumber) se
Isincomo kanye nokuqokwa kubhalwe kuThebula 3.4.
Ithebhu 3.4 Izikhundla eziphakeme kanye nokwabiwa kwezakhiwo zesibili okuvela ku-Amide II Band in FT-IR Spectra

Umdwebo 3.5 uwububanzi be-infrared of the amide III band we-gluten amaprotheni angezwe ngokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-HPMC yezinsuku eziyi-0 ngemuva kokuvunyelwa kwezinsuku eziyi-0 nokufaneleka kwesibili. . Ukuze unciphise ukuguqulwa kokuqukethwe kwesihlobo kwesakhiwo ngasinye sesekondari, iThebula 3.5 lifingqa okuqukethwe kwephesenti ezine lezinhlaka ezine ze-gluten amaprotheni anezikhathi ezihlukile ze-HPMC (indawo ehambisanayo ye-HPMC (indawo ehambisanayo ehambisanayo).

Umdwebo 3.5 Ukuqabula kwe-Amide Band III ye-Gluten nge-O% HPMC ku-0 D (a), nge-2% hpmc ku-0 D (B)
QAPHELA: A yi-infrared spectrum yama-protein kakolweni we-gluten ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC yezinsuku eziyi-0 zezitorendi eziqandisiwe; B yi-infrared deprectrum ye-Wheat Gluten Protein yesitoreji esiqandisiwe sezinsuku eziyi-0 nge-2% HPMC engezwe
Ngokwanda kwesikhathi sokugcina eqandisiwe, ukwakheka kwesibili kwamaprotheni ama-gluten anengezelwe ahlukene we-HPMC aguqulwe kumadigri ahlukene. Kungabonakala ukuthi isitoreji esiqandayo kanye nokungezwa kwe-HPMC kuba nomthelela esakhiweni sesibili se-gluten protein. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi inani le-HPMC elingeziwe, isakhiwo esigoqiwe yisakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke, accounting cishe ama-60%. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji eqandisiwe, engeza u-0%, i-ob gluten ka-5% ne-1% HPMC. Okuqukethwe okuhlobene kwamafolda kukhuphuke kakhulu ngo-3.66%, i-1.87% ne-1.16%, ngokulandelana, okwakufana nemiphumela enqunywe nguMeziani et al. (2011) [l33j]. Kodwa-ke, kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu ngesikhathi sokugcina eqandisiwe ye-gluten efakwe nge-2% HPMC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho eqandisiwe izinsuku eziyi-0, ngokwanda kwe-HPMC kwezengezwa, k. Okuqukethwe okuhlobene kwamafolda kukhuphuke kancane, ikakhulukazi lapho inani lokungezwa lalingu-2%, k. Okuqukethwe okuhlobene kwamafolda kukhuphuke ngo-2.01%. D. Isakhiwo esigoqiwe singahlukaniswa nge-intermolecular p. Ukugoqa (okubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwama-polycule amaprotheni), antipallel k. Kugoqwe futhi kufana P. Ukubhaliswa kwezintathu kusongelwa, futhi kunzima ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukufakwa kwe-substrupture okwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqandisa
kushintshiwe. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwanda kokuqukethwe okuhlobene kwesakhiwo se-B-Type kuzoholela ekwandeni kobulukhuni kanye ne-hydrophobicity of the mostration [41], kanye nabanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi k. Ukwanda kwesakhiwo esigoqiwe kungenxa yengxenye yokwakheka okusha kwe-β-fold kuhambisana nokuthakazelisa kwamandla wesakhiwo esigcinwe yi-hydrogen Bonding [421]. Ukwanda kwesakhiwo esigoqiwe kukhombisa ukuthi amaprotheni ane-polymerized ngokusebenzisa ama-hydrophobic bond, ahambisana nemiphumela yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-DSC nokusatshalaliswa kwesikhathi sokuphumula sezinkundla zezinkundla eziphansi. I-protein denaturation. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingezwe u-0.5%, 1% no-2% hpmc gluten protein α-i-whingling. Okuqukethwe okuhlobene kwe-helix kukhuphuke ngo-0.95%, 4.42% no-2.03% ngokulandelana ngokulandelana kwesikhathi sokuqandisa, okuhambisana ne-wang, et a1. (2014) uthole imiphumela efanayo [134]. I-0 ye-gluten ngaphandle kwe-hpmc eyengeziwe. Kwakungekho ushintsho olukhulu kokuqukethwe okuhlobene ne-Helix ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcina eqandisiwe, kepha ngokwanda kwenani lokungezwa lezinsuku eziyi-0. Kube nomehluko omkhulu kokuqukethwe okuhlobene nezinhlaka ze-α-zikhanya.

Fig 3.6 Hlela incazelo ye-hydrophobic moniered exposeveza (a), ukwabiwa kwamanzi (b), kanye noshintsho olwesakhiwo (c) e-gluten matrix ngesikhathi esikhulayo sokugcina esiqandisiwe 【31138】

Zonke amasampula ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokuqandisa, k. Okuqukethwe okuhlobene kwamakhona kwancishiswa kakhulu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi Β-Jiple izwela kakhulu ukwelashwa okukhohlakele [135. 1361], nokuthi i-HPMC yengezwa noma cha ayinamphumela. Wellner, et a1. (2005) ehlongoze ukuthi ukuphenduka kwe-β-chain ye-gluten protein kuhlobene nesizinda se-β-vula isikhala se-β-space of the glutenin polypeptide chain [l 37]. Ngaphandle kokuthi okuqukethwe okuhlobene nesakhiwo semali engahleliwe yamaprotheni ama-gluten angezwe nge-2% HPMC akunalo ushintsho olukhulu kwisitoreji esibandayo, amanye amasampula ancishiswa kakhulu, okungenziwa okubangelwa ukukhishwa kwamakristalu eqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho iqandisiwe izinsuku ezingama-0, okuqukethwe okuhlobene ne-α-helix, isakhiwo se-β-shidi kanye ne-β-vula ye-gluten protein engezwe nge-gluten protein ngaphandle kwe-hpmc. Lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-HPMC ne-gluten protein, kwakha amabhondi amasha we-hydrogen bese ethinta ukuvumelana kwamaprotheni; noma i-HPMC idonsa amanzi emgodini we-pore wesakhiwo se-protein space, edambisa amaprotheni futhi aholele ekushintsheni okuningi phakathi kwezithonjana. vala. Ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwesihlobo sesakhiwo se-β-sheet kanye nokwehla kokuqukethwe kwesihlobo se-β-turning kanye nesakhiwo se-α-helix kuyahambisana nokuqagela okungenhla. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubanda, ukufuduka nokufuduka kwamanzi kanye nokwakheka kwamakristalu eqhwa kubhubhisa izibopho ze-hydrogen ezigcina ukuqina kwamaprotheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono wamandla, incane amandla amaprotheni, kuzinza kakhulu. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukuziphatha okuhlelekile (ukugoqa nokungenzeka) kwama-molecule amaprotheni kuya ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi kuholela ekushintsheni kwezinguquko.
Ekuphetheni, lapho okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-HPMC kungezwa, ngenxa yezakhiwo ze-hpmc kanye nokuxhumana kwayo neprotheni, i-HPMC ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo se-gluten ngenqubo yokuqandisa futhi kugcina ukuvumelana kwamaprotheni ezinzile.
3.3.6 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo ku-hydrophophobicity ye-gluten protein
Ama-molecule e-protein afaka amaqembu ama-hydrophilic nama-hydrophobic. Ngokuvamile, ingaphezulu lamaprotheni lakhiwa amaqembu akwa-hydrophilic, angabopha amanzi nge-hydrogen bonding ukwakha ungqimba lwe-hygration ukuvikela ama-polecule e-aggrein kusuka ekuzinzeni kwawo. Ingaphakathi lamaprotheni liqukethe amanye amaqembu we-hydrophobic ukwakha nokugcina ukwakheka kwesibili nezemfundo ephakeme yamaprotheni ngamandla we-hydrophobic. Ukuchazwa kwamaprotheni kuvame ukuhambisana nokuvezwa kwamaqembu ama-hydrophobic kanye ne-hydrophopobicity engaphezulu.
I-Tab3.6 Effect of HPMC Isengezo kanye nesitoreji esiqandisiwe ku-HYDROPHOPOPOPOPOPOPET

Qaphela: Kumugqa ofanayo, kunencwadi efihlekile engena-M no-B, okukhombisa ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu (<0.05);
Izinhlamvu ezihlukile ze-SuperScript ezihlukile kwikholomu efanayo zibonisa umehluko omkhulu (<0.05);
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji eqandisiwe, engeza u-0%, o. I-hydrophophobicity ye-5%, i-1% ne-2% HPMC inyuke ngo-70.53%, ama-43.69%, ngokulandelana (itafula 3.6). Ikakhulu, i-hydrophophobicity ye-gluten ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC ngemuva kokuba i-FPMC ngemuva kokuba i-Frozen izinsuku ezingama-30 ikhuphuke kakhulu (p <0.05), futhi isivele ine-HPMC ye-1% ne-2% ye-HPMC yengezwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 hydrophophobicity. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji eqandisiwe, i-hydrophophobicicity ye-gluten protein eyengeziwe enezinto ezihlukile ikhombisa umehluko omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji eqandisiwe, i-hydrophophobicity ye-gluten yamaprotheni angezwe nge-2% HPMC kuphela inyumbazane kusuka ku-19.749 kuya ku-26.995, yayihlala iphansi kakhulu kunenani le-hydrophophobicity yesampula. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingavimbela ukubonwa kwamaprotheni ama-gluten, okuhambisana nemiphumela yokunqunywa kwe-DSC kokushisa okuphezulu kokulimala kokushisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-HPMC ingavimbela ukucekelwa phansi kwesakhiwo samaphrotheni ngokuphindaphinda, futhi ngenxa ye-hydrophility yayo,
I-HPMC ingahlanganisa namaqembu we-hydrophilic endaweni yamaprotheni ngamabhondi wesibili, ngaleyo ndlela eshintsha izakhiwo ezingaphezulu kwamaprotheni, ngenkathi unciphisa ukuvezwa kwamaqembu e-hydrophobic (itafula 3.6).
3.3.7 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yesengezo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo kwisakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-Micro-Network of Gluten
Isakhiwo senethiwekhi eqhubekayo esinama-gluten siqukethe ama-pores amaningi ukuze ulondoloze igesi ye-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwe imvubelo ngesikhathi senqubo yokufakazelwa yenhlama. Ngakho-ke, amandla nokuqina kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gluten kubaluleke kakhulu kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina, njengevolumu ethile, ikhwalithi, njll. Ukwakheka kanye nokuhlola imizwa. Ngokombono we-microscopic, i-morphology engaphezulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo ingabhekwa ukuskena i-elektroni microscopy, enikeza isisekelo esisebenzayo sokushintshwa kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gluten ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqandisa.

Izithombe ze-Fig 3.7 sem ye-microstruction ye-gluten inhlama, (a) ekhonjiswe inhlama ye-gluten nge-0% HPMC ye-0D yesitoreji esingu-20d;
Qaphela: A yiyona microscructure ye-Gluten Network ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC ne-Frozen izinsuku eziyi-0; B yiyona miscrossmcture ye-gluten network ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC neqhwa izinsuku ezingama-60; C yiyona micross streatucture ye-gluten network ene-2% HPMC engeziwe futhi eqandisiwe yezinsuku eziyi-0
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji eqandisiwe, i-miscrossture yesisindo esimanzi esimanzi ngaphandle kwe-HPMC yashintshwa kakhulu (Fig. 3.7, AB). Ngezinsuku eziyi-0, ama-gluten microsctureture ane-2% noma u-0% HPMC abonise ukwakheka okuphelele, amakhulu
Ukulinganiselwa okulinganiselwe kwe-porous sponge-efana ne-morphology. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji eqandisiwe, amaseli ku-gluten microstruction ngaphandle kwe-HPMC yaba mkhulu ngosayizi, kungajwayelekile ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa yi-FRACTION I-Dishelfide Bond, ethinta amandla nobuqotho besakhiwo. Njengoba kubikwa nguKontogiorgos & Goff (2006) kanye noKontogiorgos (2007), izifunda eziphakathi kwenethiwekhi ye-gluten ziyancishiswa ngenxa yokuqhakambisa - okuholela ekuphumeni kuka-138. 1391]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamandla nokuvuselelwa, kwakhiqizwa isakhiwo esiminyene esiminyene esakhiweni esiningi, okungenzeka ukuthi sibe yisizathu sokwehla kokuqukethwe kwamahhala kwe-Thiol ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 zesitoreji esibandayo, ngoba izibopho eziningi ze-Dismulfide zakhiqizwa. Isakhiwo se-gluten sasilinyazwa kakhulu isikhathi esifushane, esihambisana ne-wang, et a1. (2014) wabona izehlakalo ezifanayo [134]. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukubhujiswa kwe-gluten microsencture kuholela ekulweni kwamanzi okufudumele nokwabiwa kabusha, okuhambisana nemiphumela yesikhathi sezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zezinkundla zenuzi zenuzi zenuzi. Ezinye izifundo [140, 105] zibika ukuthi ngemuva kwemijikelezo eminingana ehamba phambili, ukugcinwa kwesitashi selayisi namandla enhlama yenhlama kwaba buthakathaka, futhi ukuhamba kwamanzi kwaba phezulu. Noma kunjalo, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji eqandisiwe, i-micross puten nge-2% ye-HPMC yengeze yashintshe kancane, ngamaseli amancane ane-gluten ngaphandle kwe-hpmc (Fig. 3.7, B, D). Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukucekelwa phansi kwesakhiwo se-gluten ngokuphindaphindeka kabusha.
3.4 ISahluko Summary
Lokhu kuhlolwa kuphenye i-Rheology yenhlama yenhlama ye-gluten kanye ne-gluten protein ngokungeza i-hpmc enokuqukethwe okuhlukile (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 30 no-60 izinsuku). Izakhiwo, izakhiwo ze-Thermodynamic, nemiphumela yezakhiwo ze-physichichical. Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi ushintsho kanye nokwabiwa kabusha umbuso wamanzi ngesikhathi senqubo yokulondolozwa kwamahhala kukhulisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhokhwayo kuhlelo lwe-gluten ngenxa yokwakhiwo okunamanzi ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakristalu, futhi kwagcina kwabangela ukuthi kube nezakhiwo zenhlama zihluke. Ukonakala kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Imiphumela yokuskena imvamisa ikhombisile ukuthi i-modulus ye-modulus ne-modulus ye-viscous yesisindo esimanzi esimanzi ngaphandle kokufaka i-HPMC yehle kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokulondolozwa kweqhwa, kanye ne-scan electron microscope ikhombisile ukuthi i-microskrop yayo yalimala. Okuqukethwe kweqembu le-SulfyDryl yamahhala kwakukhuphuke kakhulu, futhi iqembu lalo le-hydrophobic lalidalulwa kakhulu, elenza izinga lokushisa le-denaturation kanye ne-hydrophophobicity ye-gluten protein kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-I-IPMC kungavimbela ngempumelelo izinguquko ekwakhiweni nasezakhiweni zesitoreji esimanzi-gluten ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, naphakathi kwe-inhibitory kuhlangana kahle nokungezwa kwe-HPMC. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-HPMC inganciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi futhi ikhawulele ukukhuphuka kokuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhokhwayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela i-Penomenon yokuphindaphindeka nokugcina ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi ye-gluten kanye ne-spatial accomition ye-protein eqinile. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungagcina ngokuphumelelayo ubuqotho besakhiwo senhlama eqandisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela uqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
ISAHLUKO 4 Imiphumela yokungezwa kwe-HPMC ngesakhiwo nasezakhiweni zesitashi ngaphansi kwesitoreji esibandayo
4.1 Isingeniso
Isitashi yi-polysaccharide ye-pursaccharide ene-glucose njenge-monomer. ukhiye) izinhlobo ezimbili. Ngokombono we-microscopic, isitashi imvamisa i-granular, futhi ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana bukakolweni busatshalaliswa kumabanga amabili ka 2-10 Proch) kanye ne-25- 35 pm (isitashi). Ngokombono wesakhiwo sekristalu, amagremu wesitashi afaka izifunda ze-crystalline nezindawo ze-amorphoous (Je, izifunda ezingezona ze-crystalline), futhi amafomu ekristalu ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ze-a, b, kanye ne-v-hlobo ngemuva kwe-gelatinization ephelele). Ngokuvamile, isifunda se-crystalline siqukethe i-amylopectin kanye nesifunda esimnandi siqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-amylose. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngaphezu kweketanga le-C (i-Amylopectin) linamaketanga aseceleni ahlanganiswe nge-B (i-charch chain) kanye c (carbon chain) amaketanga, okwenza i-amylopectin ivele "esigabeni sesitayela esiluhlaza. Ukwakheka kwesigaxa se-crystallite kuhlelwe ngendlela ethile yokwakha ikristalu.
Isitashi kwesinye sezinto eziphambili zikafulawa, futhi okuqukethwe kwalo kuphakeme cishe ngo-75% (owomile). Ngasikhathi sinye, njenge-carbohydrate ekhona kabanzi ngamatshe asanhlamvu, isitashi nayo ingukudla komthombo wamandla amakhulu ekudleni. Esihlelweni senhlama, isitashi sisatshalaliswa kakhulu futhi sinamathiselwe esakhiweni senethiwekhi yamaprotheni ama-gluten. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokugcina, izinkanyezi zivame ukubhekana ne-gelatinization kanye nezigaba zokuguga.
Phakathi kwazo, i-starch gelatinization ibhekisela kwinqubo lapho ama-starch granus ahlukaniswa kancane kancane futhi anamanzi ohlelweni anokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphezulu nangaphansi kwezimo zokushisa. Ingahlukaniswa izimiso ezintathu eziphambili. 1) Isigaba sokutholwa kwamanzi okuguqukayo; Ngaphambi kokufinyelela amazinga okushisa okuqala we-gelatinization, ama-starch granule ekumisweni kwesitashi (slurry) gcina isakhiwo sawo esiyingqayizivele singashintshiwe, futhi ukwakheka kwangaphandle kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi ngokuyisisekelo asishintshi. Isitalashi esincane soluble soluble sihlakazeka emanzini futhi singabuyiselwa esimweni saso sokuqala. 2) Isigaba sokutholwa kwamanzi okungaphenduki; Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, amanzi angena kwigebe phakathi kwezixhaxha zezinkanyezi ze-Starch Crystallite, amunca kancane inani elikhulu lamanzi, okwenza isitashi sikhukhumeke, futhi ivolumu likhulisa amahlandla ambalwa, futhi izibopho ze-hydrogen phakathi kwama-molecule esitashi aphukile. Iqala ukwelula futhi amakristalu ayanyamalala. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-brefefringence phenomenon of Starch, okungukuthi, i-Malta Cross ibonwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu esinamandla, iqala ukunyamalala, futhi izinga lokushisa ngalesi sikhathi libizwa ngokuthi yi-gelatimization lokushisa lokuqala lesitashi. 3) Isigaba sesitashi seGranurgration Stage; Ama-molecule wesitashi afaka ngokuphelele uhlelo lwezixazululo ukuze anikeze isitashi starch paste (paste / starch gel), isendlalelo sohlelo ngobukhulu, futhi i-brequfrinence phelomenon ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Jelelatinized Getatinization lokushisa, i-gelatinized starch ibizwa nge-α-Starch [141]. Lapho inhlama iphekiwe, i-gelatinization yesitashi ifaka ukudla ngokuthungwa kwayo okuyingqayizivele, ukunambitheka, ukunambitha, umbala, kanye nezimpawu zokucubungula.
Ngokuvamile, i-starch gelatinization ithinteka ngumthombo nohlobo lwesitashi, okuqukethwe okuhlobene ne-amylose ne-amylopectin ngesitashi, noma ngabe i-starch iguqulwa, nezimo zokuhlunga, izinga lokushisa, izinga lokushisa, lokushisa, okuqukethwe umswakama, njll.) [142-150]. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukwakheka kwesitashi (indawo ye-morphology, isakhiwo se-crystalline, njll.) Iyashintshwa, izakhiwo ze-gelatinization, izimo zokuguga, njll. Okwesitashi.
Izifundo eziningi zikhombise ukuthi amandla we-gel we-starch paste ancipha, kulula ukuya eminyakeni yobudala, futhi ikhwalithi yayo iwohloka ngaphansi kwesitoreji esibandayo, njenge-catet, et a1. (2005) wafunda nomphumela wokushisa okukhohlakele kwikhwalithi ye-potato starch puree; Ferrero, et a1. (1993) Uphenye imiphumela yezinga lokuqandeka nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezengezo ezizakhiweni zikakolweni kanye ne-corn starch pastes [151-156]. Kodwa-ke, kunemibiko embalwa embalwa ngomphumela wesitoreji esibandayo esakhiweni nasezakhiweni zama-starch granule (isitashi somdabu), okudingeka ahlolwe. Inhlama eqandisiwe (ngaphandle kwenhlama eqandisiwe ephekwe ngaphambilini) isesimweni semifino engafakwanga ngaphansi kwesitoreji esibandayo. Ngakho-ke, ukutadisha ukwakheka kanye noshintsho lwesakhiwo sendabuko yesitashi ngokungeza i-HPMC kunomthelela othile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zokucubungula zenhlama efriziwe. ukubaluleka.
Kulesi sivivinyo, ngokungeza okuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-HPMC (0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%) ekumisweni kwesitashi, inani le-HPMC elingezwe ngesikhathi esithile sokuqandisa (0, 15, 30, izinsuku ezingama-60) safundwa. esakhiweni sesitashi kanye nethonya layo le-gelatinization yemvelo.
4.2 Izinto zokuhlola nezindlela
4.2.1 izinto zokuhlola
Ukolweni wesitayela binzhou zhongyu ukudla Co, Ltd; I-HPMC ALADDIN (SHANHHAI) Chemical Reagent Co, Ltd;
4.2.2 Izinsizakusebenza zokuhlola
Igama lemishini
I-HH Digital Digital Water Water Bath
BSAL24S Ibhalansi ye-elektroniki
Isiqandisi se-BC / BD-272SC
I-BCD-201LCTCTI
Sx2.4.10 isithando somlilo
DHG. 9070a blast ukomisa kuhhavini
KDC. I-160HR enesiqandisi esiyisiqandisi esinejubane eliphakeme
Ukutholwa R3 Rotational Rheometer
Q. 200 I-Clorimeter Yokuhlukaniswa Kakhulu
D / MAX2500V Uhlobo X. Ray Difractometer
Sx2.4.10 isithando somlilo
Umenzi
I-Jiangsu Jintan Jincheng Guoseng Instrumen
USartorius, Germany
I-Haier Group
Hefei meiling Co, Ltd.
Huangshi Henngfeng Medicial Equipment Co, Ltd.
I-Shanghai Yiheng Science Antrensist Co, Ltd.
Anhui Zhongke Zhongjia Science Ithuluzi Co, Ltd.
Inkampani yaseMelika Ta
Inkampani yaseMelika Ta
I-Rigaku ekhiqiza i-Co, Ltd.
Huangshi Henngfeng Medicial Equipment Co, Ltd.
4.2.3 Indlela yokuhlola
4.2.3.1 Ukulungiselela kanye nesitoreji esibandayo sokumiswa kwesitashi
Isisindo esingu-1 g we-starch, engeza 9 ml wamanzi anciphile, unikine ngokuphelele futhi uhlanganise ukulungiselela ukumiswa kwesitashi (w / w) ukumiswa kwesitashi (w / w) ukumiswa kwesitashi. Bese ubeka isixazululo sesampula. I-18 ℃ Isiqandisi, isitoreji esiqandisiwe se-0, 15 d, 30 d, 60 d, okungu-0 usuku lokulawula okusha. Faka u-0.5%, 1%, 2% (W / W) HPMC esikhundleni sesitashi sekhwalithi ehambisanayo ukulungiselela amasampula ngamanani ahlukile, futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zihlala zingashintshiwe.
4.2.3.2 Izakhiwo ze-Rheological
Thatha amasampula ashiwo ngenhla aphathwe ngesikhathi esihambisanayo esiqhamukayo, alingana ngo-4 ° C nge-4 h, bese athuthela ekushiseni kwegumbi aze ancishiswe ngokuphelele.
(1) Izici ze-Starch gelatinization
Kulesi sivivinyo, kwakusetshenziswa i-rheometer esikhundleni se-viscometer esheshayo ukukala izici ze-gelatinization zesitashi. Bheka i-bae et a1. (2014) Indlela [1571] ngokuguqulwa okuncane. Amapharamitha athile ohlelo ahleliwe ngokulandelayo: Sebenzisa ipuleti elinobubanzi obungu-40 mill, igebe (igebe) liyi-1000 mm, futhi isivinini sokujikeleza yi-5 rad / ama-rotation i-5 rad / s; I) ifaka ku-50 ° C nge-1 min; ii) ngo-5. C / min ukufuthelwa ku-95 ° C; iii) igcinwe ku-95 ° C yangu-2,5 min, iv) yabe isepholile ku-50 ° C ku-5 ° C / Min; v) Okokugcina ebanjwe ngo-50 ° C imizuzu emi-5.
Dweba i-1.5 ml yesisombululo sesampula bese uyifaka enkabeni yesampula yesampula ye-Rheometer, ulinganise izakhiwo ze-gelatinization zesampula ngokuya nge-abcissa, i-viscosity (min) kanye ne-starch gelatinization evuthayo. Ngokusho kwe-GB / T 14490.2008 [158] Izinkomba ezihambisanayo ze-gelatinization-gelatinization peak viscosity (insimu), izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (i-Ang), i-viscosity yokugcina (ephezulu) Inani, i-BV) nenani lokuvuselelwa kabusha (inani lokubuyiselwa emuva, i-SV), lapho, inani lokubola = ukubonwa okuphezulu - ubuncane bokubonakala; Inani lokushelela = Ukubonakaliswa kokugcina - Ukuvunywa okuncane. Isampula ngayinye iphindwe kathathu.
(2) Ukuhlolwa kokugeleza okuqinile kwe-Starch paste
I-starch e-gelatinised ngenhla ye-gelatchined inqunyelwe ukugeleza okuqinile, ngokwendlela ye-Achayuthakan & Suphantharika [1591, amapharamitha ahlelwe ukuthi awenzele imodi engu-25 min, futhi ibanga le-Shear Rate Scan lalingu-1) 0.1 s. 100s ~, 2) 100s ~. I-0.1 s ~, imininingwane iqoqwa kwimodi ye-Logarithmic, namaphoyinti wedatha ayi-10 (iziza) aqoshwa njalo ngamazinga we-shear, futhi ekugcineni isilinganiso se-shear (isilinganiso se-vear (i-viscosity (i-viscosity, i-paycosity (i-viscosity, i-paycosity (i-viscosity, i-paycosity Sebenzisa imvelaphi 8.0 ukwenza i-nonlinear efanelekile yale jika futhi uthole amapharamitha afanele we-equation, futhi i-equation yanelisa i-shear viscosity (i-PAS), i-PASHER ASTERENT (i-Flow Beath Index, Index).
4.2.3.3 Starch Paste Gel Properties
(1) Ukulungiswa kwesampula
Thatha u-2,5 g we-Amyloid bese uyixuba namanzi anciphile ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2 ukwenza ubisi lwesitashi. Qhwa ngo-18 ° C. TO 15 D, 30 D, no-60 d. Faka u-0.5, 1, 2% HPMC (W / W) ukufaka esikhundleni isitashi sekhwalithi efanayo, nezinye izindlela zokulungiselela zihlala zingashintshiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi ukwelashwa okukhokhwayo sekuqediwe, kukhiphe, kulingane ngo-4 ° C nge-4 h, bese kuthi thaw emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni aze ahlolwe.
(3) Amandla we-Starch gel (amandla we-gel)
Thatha i-1.5 ml yesisombululo sesampula bese uyibeka esigabeni sesampula se-Rheomemeometer (Discovery.r3), cindezela phansi ipuleti engu-40 mm, bese ususa ukunciphisa ipuleti engu-100 mm, bese ususa i-5 min ukuze uguqule ngokugcwele isixazululo sesampula. Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa kuqala ngo-25 ° C bese kuphele ngo-5. C / min kwakhuliswa kuye ngo-95 ° C, kwagcinwa imizuzu emi-2, kwabe sekuncishiswa ku-25 ° C ku-5 "C / Min.
Ungqimba lukaPetrolatum wasetshenziswa kancane emaphethelweni ejeli lesitashi elitholwe ngenhla ukugwema ukulahleka kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okulandelayo. Ebhekisa kwindlela ye-ABEbe & Ronda [1601] I-Oscillatory streap eyenziwe okokuqala ukuze ichaze i-Linear Viscoelasticity Region (LVR), imvamisa yayihlaselwa yi-1 hz, futhi i-sweep yaqalwa ngemuva kokuma ngo-25 ° C imizuzu eyi-10.
Ngemuva kwalokho, shanela imvamisa ye-oscillation, usethe inani lezinkomba (ubunzima) liye ku-0,1% (ngokuya ngemiphumela yokushanela kwe-strain), bese usetha ububanzi be-frequency ku-O. 1 kuya ku-10 Hz. Isampula ngayinye iphindwe kathathu.
4.2.3.4 Izakhiwo zeThermodynamic
(1) Ukulungiswa kwesampula
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esihambisanayo sokwelashwa okuhambisanayo, amasampula asuswa, ancishisiwe ngokuphelele, futhi omiswe kuhhavini ngo-40 ° C ngo-48 h. Ekugcineni, kwakuwukuhlelwa ngesihluthulelo se-100-mesh ukuthola isampula eliqinile le-powder ukuze lisetshenziswe (elilungele ukuhlolwa kwe-XD). Bona i-xie, et a1. (2014) Indlela yokulungiselela okwesampula nokuzimisela kwezakhiwo ze-Thermodynamic '1611, isisindo 10 mg yesampula yesitashi ku-Aluminium enobuthi esivumelwaneni esingu-1: 2, cindezela bese uyifaka ku-4 ° C esiqandisini, ilingana ngo-24 h. Qhwa ngo-18 ° C (0, 15, 30 kanye nezinsuku ezingama-60). Faka u-0.5%, 1%, 2% (W / W) HPMC ukuze ungene esikhundleni sekhwalithi ehambisanayo yesitashi, nezinye izindlela zokulungiselela zihlala zingashintshiwe. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokugcina esikhokhile sesiphelile, thatha ebekiwe futhi ulingane ngo-4 ° C ngo-4 h.
(3) Ukunqunywa kokushisa kwe-gelatimization kanye noshintsho enhlabathini
Ukuthatha okungenalutho njengesethenjwa, isilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-nitrogen sasingama-50 ml / min, silingana ngo-20 ° C imizuzu engu-5 ° C ku-5 ° C / Min. Ekugcineni, ukugeleza kokushisa (ukugeleza kokushisa, mw) yi-DSC ijika le-DSC ye-oda, futhi inani eliphakeme le-gelatinization lihlanganiswe futhi lihlaziywa yindawo yokuhlaziywa kwendawo yonke.
4.2.3.5 Isilinganiso se-XRD
Amasampula anezinwele anezinwele aqandisiwe amiswe kuhhavini ngo-40 ° C ngo-48 h, bese emhlabathini futhi eboniswe nge-100-mesh sihlumela ukuthola amasampula e-starch powder. Thatha inani elithile lamasampula angenhla, sebenzisa uhlobo lwe-D / Max 2500V X. Ifomu le-crystal kanye ne-crystallity ehlobene anqunywa yi-x-ray diffractometer. Amapharamitha wokuhlola angama-voltage 40 KV, amanje ama-40 Ma, esebenzisa i-CU. KS njengo-X. Ray umthombo. Emazingeni okushisa ekamelo, uhla lwe-angle lokuskena lungu-30-400, kanye nezinga lokuthwebula lingama-20 / amaminithi. I-Crystallity ehlobene (%) = I-Crystallization Peak Area / Ingqikithi yendawo x 100%, lapho indawo ephelele iyisamba sendawo yangemuva kanye nendawo ebalulekile ephakeme [1 62].
4.2.3.6 Ukunqunywa kwamandla okuvuvukala kwesitashi
Thatha u-0,1 g we-amyloid omisiwe, emhlabathini futhi ebonisiwe kwi-50 ml centrifuge tube, engeza ama-10 ml wamanzi afakwe kuyo, uwunyakazise kahle, uvumele ume kubhavu wamanzi we-95 ° C, bese uwubeka kubhavu wamanzi angama-95 Ngemuva kwamaminithi angama-30, ngemuva kokuqedwa kwe-gelatinization kuqediwe, khipha i-tube ye-centrifuge bese uyibeka kubhavu weqhwa imizuzu eyi-10 ukuze upholile ngokushesha. Ekugcineni, i-centrifuge ku-5000 RPM imizuzu engama-20, bese uthele umkhulumeli ukuze uthole i-precipitate. Amandla okuvuvukala = ubukhulu bezulu / isibonelo [163].
4.2.3.7 Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha nokucutshungulwa
Zonke izivivinyo zaphindwa okungenani kathathu ngaphandle kokuthi kuchazwe ngenye indlela, futhi imiphumela yokuhlola yavezwa njengokuphambuka nokuphambuka okujwayelekile. I-SPSS Statistic 19 yayisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukuhlukahluka (ukuhlaziywa kokwehluka, i-ANOVA) eneleveli ebabazekayo engu-0.05; Amashadi wokuhlangana adonswa kusetshenziswa imvelaphi 8.0.
4.3 Ukuhlaziywa Nengxoxo
4.3.1 Okuqukethwe kwezakhi eziyisisekelo zesitashi sikakolweni
Ngokusho kwe-GB 50093.2010, GB / T 5009.9.2008, GB 50094.2010 (78-S0), izingxenye eziyisisekelo zokulwa nokolweni - umswakama, okuqukethwe kwe-Amylose / Amylopectin kanye nokuqukethwe komlotha kwanqunywa. Imiphumela ikhonjiswa kuThebula 4. 1 kukhonjisiwe.
Thepha okuqukethwe okungu-4.1 kwesimo sokukhula sikakolweni

4.3.2 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yesengezo kanye nesikhathi esiqandisiwe kwizici ze-gelatinization of kakolweni
Ukumiswa kwesitashi okunokuhlushwa okuthile kufudunyezwa ngesilinganiso esithile sokushisa ukwenza isitashi se-lelatincin. Ngemuva kokuqala ukwenza i-gelatiinize, kancane kancane uketshezi lwe-turbidi luba yindida ngenxa yokwanda kwesitashi, futhi i-viscosity inyuka ngokuqhubekayo. Kamuva, amagremu wesitashi aqhekekile futhi i-visa ancipha. Lapho unamathiselo esepholile ngesilinganiso esithile sokupholisa, unamathisela uyokwenza ijeli, futhi inani le-visa lizokwenyuka kakhulu. Inani le-viscosity lapho lipholile ku-50 ° C yinani lokugcina lesevolu (Umdwebo 4.1).
Ithebula 4.2 libala ithonya lezinkomba ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zezimpawu zesitashi se-gelatinization, kufaka phakathi i-gelatinization ephakeme, i-viscosity encane, i-viscosity yokugcina, inani lokugcina, libonisa umphumela wenani le-HPMC ne-FreeZing isikhathi sokunamathisela isitashi. imiphumela yezakhiwo zamakhemikhali. Imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi i-viscosity ephakeme, ubuncane bokubonakala kanye nokubonakaliswa kokugcina kwesitashi ngaphandle kwesitoreji eqandisiwe kukhuphuke kakhulu ngokungezwa kwe-HPMC, ngenkathi inani lokubola lincipha kakhulu. Ngokukhethekile, i-viscosiate ephakeme kancane kancane yanda isuka ku-727.66 + 90.70.70.70.70 I-Viscosity Encane Yenyuka isuka ku-391.02 + 18.97 CP (ingenalutho ayingezi) kuya ku-454.95 + 36.90 (engeza i-1% hpmc) kanye 553.03 + 55.57 cp (engeza 2% HPMC); I-viscosity yokugcina isuka ku-794.62.412.84 CP (ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC) inyuke yaba ngu-882.24 ± 22.40 cp (engeza i-1% hpmc) kanye ne-910 Kodwa-ke, inani le-attenuation lancipha kancane kancane lisuka ku-336.644-71.73 CP (ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC) kuya ku-303.564-11.22 cp (engeza i-0.5% HPMC), 324.19 ± 2.54 CP (engeza
Nge-1% hpmc) kanye ne-393.614-45.94 cp (nge-2% hpmc), inani le-reggradation lisuka ku-427.29% cp (ngaphandle kwe-0.5% hpmc (ngaphandle kwe-0.5% hpmc), 360.40% 357.85 + 21.00 CP (2% HPMC angeziwe). Lokhu kanye nokungezwa kwama-hydrocollodroids anjenge-Xanthan Gum kanye nesiGungu esitholwe yi-Achayuthakan & Suphantharika (2008) noHuang (2009) bangakhulisa i-gelatinization vides yesitashi ngenkathi benciphisa inani le-STARCH. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba i-HPMC isebenza njengohlobo lwe-hydrophilic colloul, futhi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kukhulisa i-gelatinization peak ukubonwa ngenxa yeqembu le-hydrophilic elisematheni alona ama-starch emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhla lokushisa lwenqubo yokushisa ye-gelatinizer ye-thermat Ngakho-ke, ukuhlakanipha okuncane nokubona kokugcina kwe-starch gelatinization kukhuphuke kancane kancane nokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho inani le-HPMC elingeziwe lalifana, ukubonakala okuphezulu, ukubuka okuncane, i-viscosity emincane, inani lokubola kanye nenani lokubola kanye nenani lokubuyisa le-starch gelatinization ye-Starch gelatinization inyuke kakhulu. Ngokukhethekile, ukubonakala okuphezulu kokumiswa kwesitashi ngaphandle kokungezwa kwe-HPMC kukhuphuke kusuka ku-727.66 ± 90.70 CP (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku eziyi-0 684.44 + 68.11 CP (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku ezingama-60); Ukungeza i-0.5 Ukuvunyelwa okuphezulu kokumiswa kwesitashi nge-% HPMC kukhuphuke kusuka ku-758.514-48.12 CP (ukuqandisa ngezinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-1417 cp Ukumiswa kwesitashi nge-1% HPMC kungezwe i-PPMC ephakeme ye-Starch Liquid yenyuke kusuka ku-809.754-56.59 CP (free Ngenkathi ukumiswa kwesitashi nge-2% HPMC CP kungengezwe i-gelatinization peak viscosity kusuka ku-946.64 ± 9.63 CP (0 izinsuku ezifriziwe) inyuke yaya ku-1240.224-94.06 CP (izinsuku ezingama-60 zeqhwa). Ngasikhathi sinye, ukubonakala okuphansi kakhulu kokumiswa kwesitashi ngaphandle kwe-HPMC kwandiswe kusuka ku-391.02-41 8.97 cp (ukuqaqeka izinsuku eziyi-0 (ukuqaqa ngezinsuku ezingama-69.39 Ukungeza i-0.5 Ukuvunyelwa okuncane kokumiswa kwesitashi nge-% HPMC kukhuphuke kusuka ku-454.954-36.90 CP (ukuqaqeka izinsuku ezingama-0) kuya ku-581.934-72.22 cp Ukumiswa kwesitashi nge-1% HPMC kungezwe ubuncane be-viscosity yoketshezi inyuke kusuka ku-485.564-54.05 cp (ukuqaqeka izinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-625.484-67.17 cp Ngenkathi ukumiswa kwesitashi kungengezelelwa i-2% HPMC CP ye-gelelatinised i-viscosity ephansi kakhulu ekhuphuke isuka ku-553.034-55.57 cp (izinsuku eziyi-0 ze-frozen) kuya ku-682.58 ± 20.29 Izinsuku ezingama-Frozen).

Ukuboniswa kokugcina kokumiswa kwesitashi ngaphandle kokungezwa kwe-HPMC kukhuphuke kusuka ku-794.62 ± 12.84 CP (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku eziyi-0 45.59 ± 45.59 Ukuvunywa okuphezulu kokumiswa kwesitashi kukhuphuke kusuka ku-882.24 ± 22.40 CP (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-1322.86 ± 36.23 CP (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku ezingama-60); Ukuvunyelwa okuphezulu kokumiswa kwesitashi okungeziwe nge-1% HPMC I-Viscosity inyuke ukusuka ku-846.04 ± 12.66 cp (izinsuku ezifriziwe kanye ne-gelatinization ephakeme yokuvumiswa kwesitashi okungezwe nge-2% HPMC inyuke kusuka ku-91 0.88 ± 34.57 cp
(Isitoreji esiqandisiwe sezinsuku eziyi-0) senyuke saya ku-1198.09 ± 41.15 CP (Isitoreji Esiqandisiwe Izinsuku ezingama-60). Ngokulandelana, inani le-attenuation lokumiswa kwesitashi ngaphandle kokungezwa kwe-HPMC lenyuke kusuka ku-336.73 ± 71.73 CP (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku eziyi-0 38.62 cp (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku ezingama-60); Ukungeza i-0.5 Inani le-AtTenuation lokumiswa kwesitashi nge-% HPMC lenyuke lisuka ku-303.56 ± 11.22 CP (isitoreji esiqhakazile sezinsuku eziyi-0 26.95 ± 26.45 ± 26.45 Ukumiswa kwesitashi nge-1% HPMC kungezwe inani le-attenuation ye-attenciation ye-ketshezi lenyuke lisuka ku-324.19 ± 2.54 cp (ukuqaqeka izinsuku ezingama-0 Ngenkathi ungeza i-2% hpmc, inani le-atchch lokumiswa kwesitashi likhuphuke lisuka ku-393.61 ± 45.94 cp (ukuqaqeka izinsuku eziyi-0 Ngenkathi ukumiswa kwesitashi ngaphandle kwe-HPMC kungezwe inani le-retrogradation lenyuke lisuka ku-403.60 ± 6.13 C
P (isitoreji esiqandisiwe sezinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-856.38 ± 16.20 CP (isitoreji esiqandisiwe sezinsuku ezingama-60); Inani le-Reggradation lokumiswa kwesitashi elingezwe nge-0.5% HPMC lenyuke lisuka ku-427 .29 ± 14.50 CP (isitoreji esiqandisiwe sezinsuku eziyi-0 Inani le-Reggradation lokumiswa kwesitashi elingezwe nge-1% HPMC inyukile kusuka ku-360.48 ± 41. I-39 CP (isitoreji esiqandisiwe sezinsuku eziyi-0) inyuke yaba ngu-666.46 ± 21.40 CP (isitoreji esibandayo izinsuku ezingama-60); Ngenkathi inani le-retrogradation lokumiswa kwesitashi elingezwe nge-2% HPMC lenyuka lisuka ku-357.85 ± 21,00 CP (isitoreji esiqandisiwe sezinsuku ezingama-60). Izinsuku eziyi-0) zikhuphuke ziye ku-515.51 ± 20.86 CP (izinsuku ezingama-60 ziqandisiwe).
Kungabonakala lokho ngokunwebeka kwesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo, inkomba yesitashi se-gelatinization yanda, evumelana neTao et A1. I-F2015) Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inqubo yesitoreji esibandayo, isifunda esise-Amorphoous (Isifunda sase-Amorphous) se-Starch Granules sibhujiswa yi-Ice Crystallization, i-Amylose (isakhi esiyinhloko) esifundeni sesifunda (isigaba. I-gelatinization, kanye nokwanda kwenani elihlobene ne-attenciation nenani lokubuyisa. Kodwa-ke, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kuvinjelwe umphumela we-Ice Crystallization ngesakhiwo sesitashi. Ngakho-ke, i-viscosial ephakeme, ubuncane bokuvunywa, ukubonakala kokugcina, inani lokubola kanye nezinga lokubuyisela emuva kwe-starch gelatinization kukhuphuke ngokufakwa kwe-HPMC ngesikhathi sokugcina eqandisiwe. khuphula futhi wehlise ngokulandelana.

I-FIG 4.1 Enamathisela amajika asolwe sikakolweni ngaphandle kwe-HPMC (a) noma nge-2% HPMC①)
4.3.3 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi esiqandisiwe ekuboneni kwe-Star Starch
Umphumela we-Shear Rate ekuboniseni okubonakalayo (i-Shear Viscosity) yoketshezi aphenywa ngokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kokugeleza, kanye nesakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo nezakhiwo zoketshezi kwabonakala ngokufanele. I-Table 4.3 ibala amapharamitha e-equation atholwe ngokufaneleka kwe-nonlinear, okungukuthi, i-confecte eccoffic Index ye-D, kanye nethonya lentengo ye-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqalisa kumapharamitha angenhla

I-FIG 4.2 Thixotropism of Starch Astere ngaphandle kwe-HPMC (a) noma nge-2% HPMC (B)

Kungabonakala kusuka etafuleni 4.3 ukuthi wonke ama-Indices acintshiwe, 2, angaphansi kwe-1. Ngakho-ke, unamathisela isitashi (noma ngabe i-veander noma i-shear rate inyuswa, i-shear vides inyuka, i-shear videcusity yokwenyuka). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Shear Rate Scans aqhamuke kusuka ku-0.1 s, ngokulandelana. I-1 inyuke yaba yi-100 s ~, bese yehla kusuka ku-100 SD kuye ku-O. Ama-herve atholwe ku-1 sd awafani ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke i-Starch paste iyengezwe noma i-HPMC noma iqandisiwe noma cha). Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwesikhathi esifanayo sokuqalisa sokugcina, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, umehluko phakathi kwemiphumela efanelekile yama-K N ama-Skena anciphile kancane kancane, okubonisa ukuthi ukwengeza kwe-HPMC kwenza ukwakheka kwesitashi kunamathiselwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-STARCH. Ihlala iqinile ngaphansi kwesenzo futhi inciphise i- "Thixotropic Ring"
(Thixotropic Loop) indawo, okufana ne-temmipong, et a1. (2005) wabika isiphetho esifanayo [167]. Lokhu kungenzeka kube yingoba i-HPMC ingakha izixhumanisi ze-intermolecular cross nge-gelatinized starch chains (ikakhulukazi amaketanga amaningi), okuthi "okuboshwe" ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Amylose ne-Amylopectin ngaphansi kwesenzo sokugunda ngamandla. , ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza okuhlobene nokufana kwesakhiwo (Umdwebo 4.2, ijika elinezinga le-Shear njenge-Abscissa kanye nengcindezi ye-Shear arrine).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngesitashi ngaphandle kwesitoreji eqandisiwe, inani lalo le-K lehlile kakhulu ngokufakwa kwe-HPMC, kusuka ku-78.240 ± 1,661 pa · sn (ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC), ngokulandelana. I-683 ± 1.035 Pa · SN (engeza i-0.5% yesandla mc), 43.122 ± 1.047 pa · sn (ungeze u-1% hpmc), ngenkathi inani le-HPMC), kusukela ku-0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.277 ± 0.011 nayo. I-310 ± 0.009 (engeza u-0.5% HPMC), O. 323 ± 0.013 (engeza i-1% hpmc) kanye ne-O. 43 ± 0.0 1 Ukwanda kwenani le-N kukhombisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kwenza uketshezi lube nokuthambekela kokushintsha kusuka ku-pseudoplastic ku-Newtonian [168'11691]. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba isitashi sigcinwe iqandisiwe izinsuku ezingama-60, ama-K, amanani akhombisa umthetho ofanayo wokushintsha ngokwanda kokungezwa kwe-HPMC.
Kodwa-ke, ngokunwebeka kwesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo, amanani we-K no-n anyuswe emagcekeni ahlukene, phakathi kwenani le-K akhuphuka kusuka ku-78.561 pain (angafakwanga. 2.421 I-PA SN (AKUKHO I-ANYANDO, I-60 Izinsuku), inyuke isuka ku-65.683 ± 1.035 papmc (engezansi ye-O. 5% hpmc, izinsuku ezingama-60), ingeziwe kusuka ku-43.122 56.538 ± 1.378 pa · sn (engeza 1% HPMC, izinsuku ezingama-60), futhi inyuke isuka ku-13.926 ± 0.330 papmc, izinsuku ezingama-0 nge-HPMC, izinsuku ezingama-60); I-0.277 ± 0.011 (ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC, izinsuku eziyi-0) i-O. I-HPMC, izinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-0.340 ± 0.013 (engeza 1% HPMC, izinsuku ezingama-60), izinsuku ezingama-0,431 ± 0.404 + 0.020 (engeza 2% HPMC, izinsuku ezingama-60). Ngokuqhathanisa, kungatholakala ukuthi ngokwanda kwenani lokungezwa kwe-HPMC, inani lokushintsha le-K ne-Knife value liyancipha ngokulandelana, okubonisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwesitashi kungenza i-starch inamathele ngaphansi kwe-Starch Gelatinization Izici. kuvumelana.
4.3.4 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi esiqandisiwe kwi-Viscoeliastity enamandla ye-Starch paste
Imvamisa eshukumisayo i-Frequency Sweep ingakhombisa ngempumelelo i-viscoeliasticity yezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi ngokunamathisela isitashi, lokhu kungasetshenziselwa ukubonakalisa amandla alo we-gel (amandla we-gel). Umdwebo 4.3 Ukhombisa izinguquko ze-modulus / i-modulus ye-modulus / i-elastic modulus (G ') kanye nokulahlekelwa modulus / viscosity modulus (g ") ye-starch gel ngaphansi kwezimo ze-HPMC eyengeziwe ne-FreeZing Isikhathi.

Umdwebo we-Fig 4.3 we-HPMC Ingezo kanye nesitoreji esibandayo ku-modulus ye-elastic ne-viscous ye-starch paste
QAPHELA: A ukuguqulwa kwe-viscoeliasticity yesitashi se-HPMC esingahleliwe ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo; B ukufakwa kwe-O. Ukushintshwa kwe-viscoelasticity ye-5% HPMC Starch ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo; C ukushintshwa kwe-viscoeliastity ye-1% HPMC Starch ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo; D ukushintshwa kwe-viscoeliasticity ye-2% hpmc isitashi ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina sokuqalisa
Inqubo ye-Starch gelatimization ihambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwezitashi zemifino, ukunyamalala kwesifunda se-crystalline, kanye ne-hydrogen bonder phakathi kwamaketanga wesitashi kanye nomswakama, i-starch lelamated ukuze yakhe ijeli elivuthayo elinama-gel amandla athile. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 4.3, ngesitashi ngaphandle kwesitoreji esiqandisiwe, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, i-G 'yesitashi iqhubeka nokugcina isitashi, futhi kungenwe yi-HPMC kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi ngesitashi ngesikhathi se-gelatinization inqubo efanayo, u-chaisawang & suphantharika (2005) uthole lokho, engeza i-guar gum kanye ne-xinthan gum kuya kuTapioca, lokhu kubhekwe ngenqubo yokugcina eqandisiwe. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kwehle ngesikhathi senqubo ehlukene yesitashi, i-amylose ku Isifunda esise-Amorphous of Starch Granules sihlukaniswe ukuze sakha isitashi esilimele (isitashi esilimele), esinciphisa izinga lokuxhumeka kwe-intermolecular okuxhumeka ngemuva kokuxhumana kwesitashi kanye ne-degree yokuxhumanisa ngokuxhumanisa. Ukuqina nokuqina, futhi ukukhishwa okungokomzimba kwamakristalu eqhwa kwenza ukuhlelwa kwe- "micelles" (i-microcrystalline yezakhiwo, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni okunganele kwe-crystallization of starch kanye namanzi athile ngemuva kokwenza isitashi, ukunwetshwa okuphansi kwe-molecular Chelatlitization), Ekugcineni kwagcina kwabangela amandla wejeli ehle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, umkhuba onciphayo we-G 'wacindezelwa, futhi lo mphumela wawuhlobene kahle nokungezwa kwe-HPMC. Lokhu kuveze ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungavimbela ngempumelelo umphumela wamakristalu eqhwa esakhiweni nasezakhiweni zesitashi ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina eziqandisiwe.
4.3.5 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-I-IPMC yengezo kanye nesikhathi esiqandisiwe sekhono lokuvuvukala kwesitashi
Isilinganiso sokuvuvukala sesitashi singakhombisa usayizi we-starch gelatinization kanye nokuvuvukala kwamanzi, kanye nokuqina kwesitashi kunamathisela izitashi ezingaphansi kwezimo ze-centrifugal. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 4.4, ngesitashi ngaphandle kokugcinwa okuqandisiwe, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, okubonisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-HPMC kukhulisa ukufakwa kwamanzi okuvuvukala futhi okwenza ukuthi isitashi sizinze ngemuva kwe-gelatinization, ehambisana ne Isiphetho Sezimpawu Ze-Starch Gelatinization. Kodwa-ke, ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina eqandisiwe, amandla okuvuvukala wesitashi ancipha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku eziyi-0 zesitoreji esibandayo, amandla okuvuvukala kwesitashi ancipha kusuka ku-8.969-A: 0.099 kuya ku-7.057 + 0 ngemuva kokugcinwa okuqandisiwe izinsuku ezingama-60, ngokulandelana. .007 (Ayikho i-HPMC engeziwe), incishiswe kusuka ku-9.007 + 0.147 kuya ku-7.284 + 0.182 + 0.182 + 0.182 + 0.182 + 0.157 + 0.069 + 0.004 (engeza 2% I-HPMC). Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi amagremu wesitashi awonakaliswa ngemuva kokugcinwa kweqhwa, okuholela ekutheni kube nengxenye yengxenye yesitashi se-soluble starch kanye ne-centrifugation. Ngakho-ke, ukusonta kwesitashi kukhuphuke futhi amandla okuvuvukala wehle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokugcinwa kwesitoreji, isitashi se-starch starch starch, ukuqina kwalo namandla okubamba amanzi kwehle, futhi isenzo esihlangene salawo mabili sanciphisa amandla okuvuvukala kwesitashi [1711]. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, ukwehla kwamandla okuvuvukala kwesitashi kwehle kancane kancane, okukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC inganciphisa inani lesitashi esilimele selikhishwe ngesikhathi sokulimala kwe-starch granule.

Umdwebo 4.4 Umphumela wokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesitoreji esiqandisiwe ngamandla okuvuvukala kwesitashi
4.3.6 Imiphumela yenombolo ye-HPMC yesengezo nesikhathi esiqandisiwe kwizakhiwo ze-thermodynamic zesitashi
I-gelatinization ye-Starch iyinqubo ye-endothermic chemical thermodynamic inqubo. Ngakho-ke, i-DSC ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunquma izinga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphakeme (efile), izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (kuya), lokushisa lokugcina (T p), kanye ne-gelatimization ye-Starch gelatinization. (Tc). Ithebula 4.4 libonisa amajika e-DSC we-starch gelatinization nge-2% futhi ngaphandle kwe-HPMC engezwe ngezikhathi ezihlukile zokugcina izindawo.

Umdwebo 4.5 Umphumela we-HPMC Isengezo kanye nesitoreji esiqandisiwe kwizakhiwo ezishisayo zokunamathisela kwesitashi sikakolweni
Qaphela: A yi-DSC Curve of Starch ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC ne-15, 30 kanye nezinsuku ezingama-60

Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 4.4, nge-Amyloid entsha, ngokwenyuka kwe-HPMC, isitashi lngenawo umehluko omkhulu, kepha sandise kakhulu, kusukela ngo-77.530 (engeza i-0.5% hpmc), no-78.606 ± 0.0.606 ± 0.0.606 ± 0.0.606 ± I-0.034 (engeza 2% HPMC), kepha i-4H ihlehlise, kusukela ngo-9.450 ± 0.095 (engeza i-1% hpmc) no-7 .736 ± 0.066 (engeza 2% HPMC). Lokhu kuyafana noZhou, et a1. (2008) Kutholakale ukuthi ukwengeza i-hydrophilic colloid kwehlise i-starch gelatimization enthalpy futhi yandisa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-starch gelatinization [172]. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-HPMC ine-hydrophility engcono futhi kulula ukuhlanganisa namanzi kunesitashi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yobubanzi obukhulu bokushisa benqubo esheshayo ye-gelation ye-HPMC, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kwandisa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-gelatinization ye-starch, ngenkathi i-gelatimization enthalpy inciphisa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-starch gelatinization to, T, TC, △ T kanye ne-△ ihholo lenyuke ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokuqalisa. Ngokukhethekile, i-starch gelatinization nge-1% noma i-2% HPMC eyengeziwe ibingenamehluko omkhulu ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-68.955 ± 0.340 ± 0.017 ± 0.017 Izinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-71.613 ± 0.085 (Isitoreji Esiqandisiwe sezinsuku eziyi-0) izinsuku ezingama-60); Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji eqandisiwe, izinga lokukhula kwe-starch gelatinization lehlile ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, okufana nesitashi ngaphandle kwe-HPMC kufakwe kusuka ku-77.530 ± 0.028. I-408 ± 0.021 (Isitoreji Esiqandisiwe Izinsuku ezingama-60), ngenkathi isitashi sengezwa nge-2% HPMC inyuke kusuka ku-78.606 ± 0.014 (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku ezingama-0,017 (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku ezingama-60). izinsuku); Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ΔH ibuye ikhombise umthetho ofanayo wokushintsha, okwanda kusuka ku-9.450 ± 0.095 (akunazinsuku eziyi-0 0.730 (akukho ukwengeza, izinsuku ezingama-0 0.070 (akunazinsuku ezingama-60), ngokulandelana. I-531 ± 0.030 (engeza u-0.5%, izinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-11.643 ± 0.019 (engeza izinsuku ezingama-0,43 ± o. 0,450) (2% ukwengezwa, izinsuku ezingama-60). Izizathu eziphambili zoshintsho olushiwo ngenhla ezingxenyeni ze-thermodynamic ze-Starch gelatinization ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcina eqandisiwe ukwakheka kwesitashi esilimele (isifunda sase-Amorphous) futhi kwandisa i-crystaltaltity yesifunda se-crystalline. I-coexistence yalaba bobabili inyusa i-Crystallity ehlobene neStarch, yona iholela ekwandeni kwezinkomba zeThermodynamic ezinjenge-starch gelatinization peak lokushisa kanye ne-gelatinization. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhathanisa, kungatholakala ukuthi ngaphansi kwesikhathi esifanayo sokugcina sokugcina, ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC, ukukhuphuka kwe-starch gelatinization to, T, TC, kancane kancane. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukwengeza i-HPMC kungagcina ngokuphumelelayo ukuqina okuhlobene kwesakhiwo se-starch crystal, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela ukwanda kwezindawo ze-thermodynamic ze-starch gelatinization.
4.3.7 Imiphumela ye-I-IPMC yengeze kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo ku-Crystallity ehlobene nesitashi
X. Ngoba ama-starch granules anesakhiwo esijwayelekile se-crystalline, i-XRD ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya kabusha futhi inqume ifomu le-crystallographic kanye ne-crystallity ehlobene namakristali wesitashi.
Umdwebo 4.6. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-A, izikhundla ze-Starch Crystallization Peaks zitholakala ngo-170, 180, 190 no-230, ngokulandelana, futhi akukho shintsho olubalulekile ezikhundleni eziphezulu noma ngabe ziphathwa ngokuqhakaza noma zingezwa i-HPMC. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi, njengempahla engaphakathi ye-Wheat Starch Crystallization, ifomu le-crystalline lihlala lizinzile.
Kodwa-ke, ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugcina esibandayo, i-crystallity ehlobene nesitashi inyuke isuka ku-20.40 + 0,14 (ngaphandle kwe-HPMC, ngaphandle kwe-36.50 (ngaphandle kwe-HPMC, isitoreji esibandayo, ngokulandelana). Izinsuku ezingama-60), futhi zikhuphuke zisuka ku-25,75 + 0.21 (2% HPMC zingezwe, izinsuku ezingama-0 ezi-3) kuya ku-32.70 ± 0.14 (2016), imithetho yokushintshwa kwemiphumela yokulinganisa ayiguquki [173-17]. Ukwanda kwe-crystallity ehlobene kubangelwa ukubhujiswa kwesifunda esimnandi kanye nokwanda kwekristality ye-Crystalline Region. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhambisana nesiphetho sezinguquko ezakhiweni ze-thermodynamic ze-starch gelatinization, okungeziwe kwe-HPMC kuncishiswe ukwesekwa kwe-crystallity ye-starch, okwakukhombisa ngempumelelo ukulimala kwe-starch ngamakristalu eqhwa futhi kugcinwe ukwakheka kwayo kanye nezakhiwo kuzinzile.

Umdwebo 4.6 Umphumela we-HPMC Isengezo kanye nesitoreji esiqandisiwe kwizakhiwo ze-XRD
Qaphela: a ngu-x. Iphethini yokuphazamiseka kwe-X-ray; B yi-Crystallity Evela Kusitayela;
4.4 Isahluko Sokufingqa
Isitashi yinto enkulu yomile enhlama, okuyinto, ngemuva kwe-gelatinization, engeza izimfanelo ezihlukile (ivolumu ethile, ukuthungwa, imizwa, ukunambitheka, njll.) Kumkhiqizo wenhlama. Njengoba ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sesitashi kuzothinta izici zayo ze-gelatinization, okuzothinta nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yefulawa, kulolu hlelo, izici ze-gelatinization, ukugeleza kanye nokugeleza kwesitoreji ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-Starch okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC okungeziwe. Izinguquko ezingxenyeni ze-Rherlogical, izakhiwo ze-thermodynamic kanye nesakhiwo se-crystal zazisetshenziselwa ukuhlola umphumela wokuvikela we-HPMC ukwengeza ukwakheka kwe-starch granule kanye nezakhiwo ezihlobene. Imiphumela yokuhlola iveze ukuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zesitoreji esibandayo, izici ze-Starch gelatinization (ukubonwa okuphezulu, inani lokugcina, inani lokugcina, ukwenyuka kokubuyiselwa kwemali ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu kwe-starch elonakalisiwe. I-gelatinpy enhlabanyisa insundu, kanti amandla we-gel we-starch paste yehle kakhulu; Kodwa-ke, ikakhulukazi ukumiswa kwesitashi okungeziwe nge-2% HPMC, ukwenyuswa kwe-crystallity ehlobene ne-starch ukulimala ngemuva kwalabo abasezingeni eliphansi, i-gelatinization ye-HPMC yehlisa izinga le-HPMC ligcina isakhiwo sesitashi kanye nezakhiwo zalo ze-gelatinization zizinzile.
Imiphumela yeSahluko 5 ye-HPMC yengeze ngemvubelo yokusinda kanye nomsebenzi wokuvutshelwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina eziqandisiwe
5.1 Isingeniso
I-Yeast iyi-unicellar eukaryotic microorganism, isakhiwo sayo seseli ifaka udonga lwamaseli, ulwelwesi lwamaseli, i-mitochondria, njll. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anaerobic, kukhiqiza utshwala namandla, ngenkathi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aerobic kufanekisela i-carbon dioxide, amanzi namandla.
I-Yeast inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo emikhiqizweni kafulawa evuthiwe (i-sourdough itholakala ngokuvutshelwa kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi i-lacty acid bacteration, ingasebenzisa umthombo we-hydrolic, ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aerobic, usebenzisa izinto zikhiqiza i-carbon dioxide namanzi ngemuva kokuphefumula. I-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwayo ingenza inhlama ikhululeke, i-porous futhi inqwaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvutshelwa kwemvubelo neqhaza layo njengohlobo oludliwayo akunakuthuthukisa kuphela inani lokudla komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi lithuthukisa kakhulu izici zemvelo zomkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokusinda kanye nomsebenzi wokuvutshelwa wemvubelo unethonya elibalulekile kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina (ivolumu ethile, ukuthungwa, nokunambitheka, njll.) [175].
Endabeni yesitoreji eqandisiwe, imvubelo izothinteka ekucindezelekeni kwezemvelo futhi ithinte ukusebenza kwayo. Lapho izinga leqhwa liphezulu kakhulu, amanzi ohlelweni azosheshisa futhi akhulise ukucindezela kwangaphandle kwemvubelo, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuthi amangqamuzana alahlekelwe amanzi; lapho izinga lokuqandisa liphezulu kakhulu. Uma kuphansi kakhulu, amakristalu eqhwa azoba nkulu kakhulu futhi imvubelo izoncipha bese udonga lweseli luzonakaliswa; Bobabili bazonciphisa izinga lokusinda lemvubelo kanye nomsebenzi wayo wokuvutshelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo eziningi zithole ukuthi ngemuva kokuthi amaseli emvubelo aqhamuke ngenxa yokuqaqa, azokhipha i-glutathione ye-sulfhydry, okuzokwehlisa ukuncipha kwenqubo ye-gluten, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-pasta [176-177].
Ngoba i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuqinile namandla okubamba amanzi, ukungeza kuhlelo lwenhlama kungavimba ukwakheka nokukhula kwamakristalu eqhwa. Kulesi sivivinyo, amanani ahlukene we-HPMC angezwe kwinhlama, futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile ngemuva kwesitoreji esiqandisiwe, inani lemvubelo, okuqukethwe kwemvubelo, okuqukethwe kwe-glutathione kuyunithi yenhlamvu ye-HPMC ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo.
Izinsizakusebenza nezindlela
5.2.1 izinto zokuhlola nezinsimbi
Izinto zokwakha nezinsimbi
I-Angel iyasebenza imvubelo eyomile
Bps. I-500cl yokushisa evamile nebhokisi lomswakama
I-3M eqinile filly ikholony count Count Pret
Sp. Model 754 UV spectrophotometer
Itafula elisebenzayo elihlanzekile elihlanzekile
KDC. I-160HR enesiqandisi esiyisiqandisi esinejubane eliphakeme
I-ZWY-240 CRETATE FRATEST INCUBARATION
BDS. Ama-microscope angama-200 angena ngaphakathi

Umenzi
I-Angel Youast Co, Ltd.
I-Shanghai Yiheng Science Antrensist Co, Ltd.
3M Corporation of America
IShanghai Spectrum Science Intrence Co, Ltd.
I-Jiangsu TongJing Purification Equipment Co, Ltd.
Anhui Zhongke Zhongjia Science Ithuluzi Co, Ltd.
I-Shanghai zhicheng analytical Ithuluzi le-Com, Ltd.
Chongqing Auto Optical Amathuluzi Wezinsimbi Co, Ltd.
5.2.2 Indlela yokuhlola
5.2.2.1 Ukulungiswa koketshezi lwemvubelo
Isisindo esingu-3 g semvubelo eyomile esebenzayo, yengeze ku-50 ML centrifuge tube ngaphansi kwezimo ze-asuptic, bese ufaka ama-27 ml we-9% (w / v) usawoti oyinyumba, bese ulungiselela umhluzi we-10% (w / w). Ngemuva kwalokho, shesha uye ku. Gcina esiqandisini ngo-18 ° C. Ngemuva kwe-15 d, 30 d, kanye no-60 D we-Frozen Storage, amasampula aphuzwa ukuze ayohlolwa. Faka u-0.5%, 1%, 2% HPMC (W / W) ukufaka esikhundleni amaphesenti ahambisanayo wesisindo semvubelo esebenzayo. Ikakhulu, ngemuva kokuthi i-HPMC isindwa, kufanele ilungiselelwe ngaphansi kwesibani se-ultraviolet imizuzu engama-30 ukuze inzalo kanye negciwane lemali.
5.2.2.2 Inhlama yokuhlola ukuphakama
Bheka i-meziani, et a1. (2012) Indlela yokuhlola [ekhonjiwe, ngokulungiswa okuncane. Isisindo esingu-5 g senhlama eqandisiwe kushubhu eli-50 ml colorimetric, cindezela inhlama ukuphakama okungu-1.5 cm ebhokisini elingaphansi komswakama, bese ulinganisa ukuphakama kwenhlama ngombusi we-millimeter (ulinganise amadijithi amabili ngemuva kwephuzu ledesimali). Kumasampula anezinsuku ezingenhla ezingalingani ngemuva kokufakaza, khetha amaphuzu ama-3 noma ama-4 ngezikhathi ezithile ezilinganayo ukukala ukuphakama kwabo okuhambisanayo (ngokwesibonelo, amanani aphezulu we-900), kanye namanani wokuphakama alinganisiwe atholwa. Isampula ngalinye lalifana kathathu.
5.2.2.3 CFU (amayunithi akwakheka amakholoni)
Isisindo esingu-1 g senhlama, sengeze kushubhu lokuhlola eline-9 ml kasawoti ojwayelekile ojwayelekile ngokuya ngezidingo zokusebenza kwe-aseptic, ushayele ngokugcwele, bese uqopha uchungechunge lwama-gradients okuhlushwa kuze kube ngu-10'1. Dweba u-1 ml we-dilution kusuka ku-ruble ngayinye engenhla, ungeze maphakathi nengxenye ye-3M Yeast Cale Count Pearte (ngokukhetha izinhlanzi), bese ubeka ucezu lokuhlola olungenhla kuzidingo zokusebenza namasiko achazwe ngo-3m. 5 d, khipha ngemuva kokuphela kwesiko, okokuqala gcina ikoloni morphology ukuthola ukuthi livumelana yini nezimfanelo zekholomu zemvubelo, bese zibala futhi zihlolwe ngokwezeMicrosoft [17]. Isampula ngayinye iphindwe kathathu.
5.2.2.4 Ukuzimisela kokuqukethwe kweGlutathione
Indlela ye-alloxan yasetshenziselwa ukunquma okuqukethwe kwe-glutathione. Umgomo ukuthi umkhiqizo wokuphendula we-glutathione kanye ne-alloxan unesilinganiso esiphakeme ku-305 nL. Indlela ethile yokuzimisela: I-PIPETTE 5 ML yesisombululo semvubelo kwi-10 ml centrifuge tube, bese kuthi i-3000 RPM ye-10.1 ml ku-0.2 ml sokhandla le-0.1 m, i-NAOH Isixazululo sakho, hlanganisa kahle, ake ume Okwe-6 min, futhi ngokushesha engeza u-1 m, i-NAOH Isixazululo sasingu-1 ml, futhi ukumunca ku-305 nm kulinganiswe nge-UV spectrophotometer ngemuva kokuxubana okuphelele ngemuva. Okuqukethwe kwe-glutathione kwabalwa kusuka kwijika elijwayelekile. Isampula ngalinye lalifana kathathu.
5.2.2.5 Ukucutshungulwa kwedatha
Imiphumela yokuhlola yethulwa njengokuphambuka okujwayelekile okungama-4 okushiwo, futhi ukuhlolwa ngakunye kwaphindwa okungenani kathathu. Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluka kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-SPSS, futhi izinga elibalulekile lalingu-0.05. Sebenzisa imvelaphi ukudweba amagrafu.
5.3 Imiphumela Nengxoxo
5.3.1 Ithonya lesamba sengezo se-HPMC ne-Frozen Stormelwano Isikhathi sokuthola ukuphakama kwenhlama
Ukuphakama kwenhlama kuvame ukuthintwa ngumphumela ohlanganisiwe womsebenzi wokukhiqiza wemvubelo wemvubelo namandla wesakhiwo senhlama. Phakathi kwazo, umsebenzi wokuvulwa kwemvubelo uzowuthinta ngokuqondile amandla awo okuvutha nokukhiqiza igesi, futhi inani lokukhiqizwa kwegesi yemvubelo linquma ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo evuthayo yefulawa, kufaka phakathi ivolumu ethile kanye nokuthungwa. Umsebenzi wokuvutshelwa kwemvubelo ikakhulukazi uthinteka yizici zangaphandle (ezinjengezinguquko kwezakhi zomzimba ezifana nemithombo yekhabhoni ne-nitrogen, izinga lokushisa, umsebenzi we-metabolic enzyme Systems, njll.).

Umkhiwane 5.1 Umphumela we-HPMC yengeze kanye nesitoreji esiqandisiwe ekuphakameni kwenhlama
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 5.1, lapho iqandisiwe izinsuku ezingama-0, ngokwanda kwenani le-HPMC elingeziwe, ukuphakama kwenhlama kwandiswe kusuka ku-4.234-0.11 cm kuya ku-4.274 cm ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC. -0.12 cm (0.5% HPMC ingeziwe), 4.314-0.19 cm (1% HPMC ingezwe), kanye ne-4% hpmc ishintsha) Lokhu kungenzeka kube yilapho kungenxa ye-HPMC yezenhlalo yenhlama yenhlama Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuqandelwa yiqhwa izinsuku ezingama-60, ukuphakama kwenhlama kwehle kwaze kwanciphisa amazinga ahlukahlukene. Ngokukhethekile, ukuphakama kwenhlama ngaphandle kwe-HPMC kwancishiswa kusuka ku-4.234-0.11 cm (ukuqaqeka izinsuku eziyi-0 0,15 cm (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku ezingama-60); Inhlama engeziwe nge-0.5% HPMC yancishiswa kusuka ku-4.227 + 0.12 cm (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-3.424-0.22 cm (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku eziyi-0). Izinsuku ezingama-60); Inhlama engezwa nge-1% HPMC yehle kusuka ku-4.314-0.19 cm (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-3.774-0.12 cm izinsuku ezingama-60); Ngenkathi inhlama ingezwe nge-2% hpmc ivuse. Ukuphakama kwezinwele kuncishisiwe kusuka ku-4.594-0.17 cm (isitoreji esiqandisiwe sezinsuku eziyi-0) kuya ku-4.09- ± 0.16 cm (isitoreji esibandayo sezinsuku ezingama-60). Kungabonakala lokho ngokwanda kwenani lokungezwa kwe-HPMC, izinga lokuncipha kokuphakama kwenhlama kwehla kancane kancane. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwesimo sesitoreji eqandisiwe, i-HPMC ayikwazi ukugcina kuphela ukuqina okuhlobene nesakhiwo senhlama yenhlama, kodwa futhi kuvikele kangcono izinga lokusinda kwemvubelo kanye nomsebenzi wayo wokukhiqiza wegesi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi kwama-noodle avuthayo.
5.3.2 Umphumela we-I-IPMC ukwengeza kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa esilinganisweni sokusinda imvubelo
Endabeni yesitoreji eqandisiwe, ngoba amanzi aqandisiwe ohlelweni lwenhlama aguqulwa abe amakristalu eqhwa, ingcindezi ye-osmotic engaphandle kwamaseli wemvubelo ayanda, ukuze ama-protoplasts kanye nezakhiwo zamaseli zemvubelo zingaphansi kwengcindezi ethile. Lapho amazinga okushisa esehlisiwe noma agcinwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi isikhathi eside, inani elincane lamakristalu eqhwa lizovela kumaseli wemvubelo, okuzoholela ekubhujisweni kwesakhiwo sesheya, okufana nokukhishwa kwento encishisiwe - i-glutathione, noma ngisho nokufa okuphelele; Ngasikhathi sinye, imvubelo ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezemvelo, umsebenzi wayo we-metabolic uzoncishiswa, futhi ezinye izinsimbi zizokhiqizwa, ezizonciphisa umsebenzi wokukhiqiza wegesi we-Fermentation yemvubelo.

Umkhiwane 5.2 Umphumela we-HPMC yengeze kanye nesitoreji esiqandisiwe ngesilinganiso sokusinda semvubelo
Kungabonakala kusuka kuMfanekiso 5.2 ukuthi akukho mehluko obalulekile enanini lamakoloni wemvubelo kumasampula anokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-HPMC angezwe ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuqandayo. Lokhu kufana nomphumela onqunywe yiHeitmann, Zanni, & Arendt (2015) [180]. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zokuqandisa, inani lamakholoni anemvubelo lehla kakhulu, kusukela ngo-3.08x106 cfu kuya ku-1.76x106 cfu (ngaphandle kokungeza i-HPMC); Kusuka ku-3.04x106 CFU kuya ku-193x106 CFU (engeza i-0.5% HPMC); kuncishiswe kusuka ku-3.12x106 cfu ku-2.14x106 CFU (kungezwe 1% HPMC); kuncishiswe kusuka ku-3.02x106 CFU kuya ku-2.55x106 CFU (Kungezwe 2% HPMC). Ngokuqhathanisa, kungatholakala ukuthi ukucindezelwa kwesitoreji esibandayo kuholele ekunciphiseni kwenombolo ye-yolony yemvubelo, kepha ngokwanda kokungezwa kwe-HPMC, izinga lokuncipha kwenombolo yekoloni lehlile. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingavikela kangcono imvubelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo. Indlela yokuvikelwa ingahle ifane ne-Glycerol, i-strain esetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokuvimbela ukwakheka kanye nokukhula kwamakristalu eqhwa futhi kunciphise ukucindezelwa kwendawo yokushisa ephansi kuya kwemvubelo. Umdwebo we-5.3 yi-Photomicrograph ethathwe kucezu lwe-3m Yeast Count Counting Test Pearch ngemuva kokulungiselela kanye nokuhlolwa kwemicroscopic, okuhambisana ne-morphology yangaphandle yemvubelo.

Umkhiwane 5.3 I-Micrograph of Yeasts
5.3.3 Imiphumela yokungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa ekuqukethwe kwe-glutathione kwinhlama
I-Glutathione iyindawo ehlanganisiwe eyakhiwa i-glutamic acid, i-cysteine ​​ne-glycine, futhi inezinhlobo ezimbili: zincishisiwe futhi zinamanzi. Lapho kwacekelwa phansi isakhiwo se-invast cell sabhujiswa futhi kwafa, ukugcwala kwamangqamuzana kuyanda, futhi i-glutathione ye-intracellular idedelwa ngaphandle kweseli, futhi iyaba yiyo. Kukufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-glutathione encishisiwe izonciphisa izibopho ze-diskulfide (-S Ukuqina nobuqotho, futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekuwohlokeni kwekhwalithi yemikhiqizo kafulawa ovuthiwe. Imvamisa, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezemvelo (njengokushisa okuphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, ukucindezela okuphezulu kwe-osmotic, njll.), Imvubelo izonciphisa ukumelana kwayo kwe-metabolic futhi ithuthukise izinhlamvu zayo ngasikhathi sinye. Lapho izimo zezemvelo zilungele ukukhula kwazo nokuzala kabusha, bese ubuyisela imetabolism ne-evelity. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimvubelo ezinokumelana kabi kwengcindezi noma umsebenzi oqinile we-metabolic usazofa uma zigcinwa endaweni yokugcina eqandisiwe isikhathi eside.

Umkhimo we-Fig 5.4 we-HPMC Isengezo kanye nesitoreji esiqandisiwe kokuqukethwe Glutathione (GSH)
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 5.4, okuqukethwe kwe-Glutathione kukhuphuke kungakhathalekile ukuthi i-HPMC yengezwa noma cha, futhi kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamanani ahlukile wokungezwa. Lokhu kungaba yingoba ezinye zemvubelo eyomile esebenzayo esetshenziselwa ukwenza inhlama ibe nokungabekezeleli kahle kwengcindezi nokubekezelelana. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisa okuphansi kwamazinga okushisa, amaseli ayafa, bese ekhishwa i-glutathione, okuhlobene kuphela nezimpawu zemvubelo uqobo. Kuhlobene nemvelo yangaphandle, kepha akuhlangene nenani le-HPMC elingeziwe. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe yi-Glutathione kukhuphuke kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-15 kokuqandisa futhi kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Kodwa-ke, ngokunwetshwa okwengeziwe kwesikhathi sokuqandisa, ukwanda kokuqukethwe kweGlutathione kwehle ngokwanda kokungezelelwa kwe-HPMC ngaphandle kwe-HPMC kwandiswa ku-3.3514-0.051 MG / G (Isitoreji Esiqandisiwe Izinsuku ezingama-60); Ngenkathi uketshezi lwemvubelo lungeze ama-2% hpmc, okuqukethwe kwalo i-glutathione kukhuphuke kusuka ku-2.307 + 0 .058 mg / g (isitoreji esiqandisiwe sezinsuku eziyi-0 Lokhu kuphinde kwaveza ukuthi i-HPMC ingavikela kangcono amaseli wemvubelo futhi inciphise ukufa kwemvubelo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise okuqukethwe yi-glutathione ekhishwe ngaphandle kweseli. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-HPMC inganciphisa inani lamakristalu eqhwa, ngaleyo ndlela linciphise ngokuphumelelayo ukucindezelwa kwamakristalu eqhwa e-Yeast futhi kuvimbela ukwanda kokukhishwa kwe-glutathione.
5.4 ISAHHLUKO SAHLUKO
I-Yeast iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebalulekile emikhiqizweni kafulawa ebunjiwe, futhi umsebenzi wayo wokuvutshelwa kuzothinta ngqo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Kulesi sivivinyo, umphumela ovikela i-HPMC kwi-Yeast ohlelweni lwenhlama efriziwe uhlalwe ngokufunda umphumela wezengezo ezihlukile ze-HPMC ngomsebenzi wemvubelo wemvubelo, okuqukethwe kwemvubelo okusinda, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-glutathione ye-extracellular, kanye nenhlama yenhlama. Ngokuhlola, kwatholakala ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kungagcina kangcono umsebenzi wemvubelo, futhi kunciphise izinga lokuphakama kwenhlama ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 zokuqandisa, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze isiqinisekiso sevolumu ethile yomkhiqizo wokugcina; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungezwa kwe-HPMC ngempumelelo ukwehla kwenombolo yokusinda imvubelo kuvinjelwe futhi izinga lokukhuphuka kokuqukethwe okuncishisiwe kwe-glutathione sehlisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kudale umonakalo we-Glutathione kwisakhiwo senhlama yenhlama. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingavikela imvubelo ngokuvimbela ukwakheka nokukhula kwamakristalu eqhwa.