Ukuhlaziywa kokusabalalisa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)

I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) iyingxenye esetshenziswayo esetshenziswayo ye-polymer esetshenziswayo enokusabalalisa okuhle, ukuqina nokuqina kwe-colloidal. Itholakala ngokufaka esikhundleni amaqembu e-hydroxyl kumaketanga ama-molecular angu-cellulose enamaqembu e-carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH). Lokhu kuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kwenza i-molecule ye-CMC ine-hydrophicility eqinile nokuhlakazeka okuhle, ikakhulukazi kwisixazululo esinamandla samanzi, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezimboni, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini, ukudla, umuthi, izimonyo kanye nezinye izinkambu.

1. Ukuchazwa kanye nokuthonya izici zokuhlakazeka kwe-CMC
Ukuchazwa kwe-CMC kuvame ukubhekisela emandleni ayo okusabalalisa nokuncibilikisa emanzini noma kwamanye ama-solvents. I-cellulose uqobo ingenakufakwa emanzini, kepha ngemuva kokuguqulwa, i-CMC ine-solubity enhle yamanzi. Ukungafani kwalo kuthintwa yizici eziningi, ikakhulukazi kubandakanya nalezi zinto ezilandelayo:

Isisindo samangqamuzana: Isisindo samangqamuzana se-CMC sithinta ngqo i-solubility yayo nokuhlakazeka. Isisindo esiphakeme samangqamuzana sivame ukusho ukwakheka okukhulu kwamangqamuzana, okungaholela ekuqothulweni kancane, kungathinta ukubonwa kwesixazululo sokugcina, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte umphumela wokuhlakazeka. I-CMC ngesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana inokuhlakazeka okungcono kusisombululo, kepha umphumela wayo wokuqina ubuthakathaka.

Izinga le-carboxmetylation: Ukungafani kwe-CMC kuhlobene kakhulu nezinga layo lokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali. I-degree ephakeme ye-carboxymetylitation isho amanye amaqembu we-hydrophilic (-Cooh) ku-molecule, engakha ama-hydrogen bond futhi athuthukise ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-molecule, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise i-solubity kanye nokuhlakazwa kwe-CMC. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isilinganiso esiphansi se-carboxymetylity singaholela ekuhlakazekeni okungafanele kwe-CMC, noma ubunzima ekuchitheni.

Ivelu yekhambi lekhambi: I-solubility kanye nokungafani kwe-CMC kungahluka kakhulu kumanani ahlukile we-PH. Ezindaweni ezi-acidic noma ezingathathi hlangothi, i-CMC imvamisa ihluke kakhulu; Ngenkathi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline, i-hydrophility ye-CMC iyathuthukiswa, okungakhulisa ukubonwa kwesisombululo se-CMC futhi kuthinte ukuhlakazwa kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kwenani le-PH kubalulekile ekuchazeni kwe-CMC.

Amandla we-Ionic: Ukuhlushwa kwe-Ion kwisisombululo kuzothinta nokuchazwa kwe-CMC. Ukugxila okuphezulu kosawoti noma ezinye izinto ezi-Ioned kunganciphisa i-solubility yayo kanye nokungafani kwayo ngokuxhumana namacala amabi kuma-molecule e-CMC. I-CMC ibonisa umphumela omuhle wokuhlakazeka ngaphansi kwamandla aphansi ama-Ionic.

Ukushisa: Ukushisa futhi kunomthelela othile ekuhlakazekeni kwe-CMC. Ngokuvamile, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuzosheshisa inqubo yokuchithwa kwe-CMC futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlakazwa. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu lingadala ukuqhekeka noma ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CMC ama-molecular chain, okuthinta ukuzinza kwayo nokuphambuka umphumela. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula okunengqondo kwezinga lokushisa kubalulekile ekuchazeni kwe-CMC.

2. Izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-CMC
Ukusabalalisa okuhle kwe-CMC kwenza ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Okulandelayo ezinye zezindawo eziphambili zohlelo:

Imidwebo kanye nopende: Kusezinhlelweni zokulungiselela izimbobo nopende, i-CMC, njengomuntu omkhulu kanye nokuhlakazeka, kungasabalalisa ngempumelelo imibala kanye nezinye izinhlayiya eziqinile futhi kuvinjelwe ekuxazululeni. Ngenxa ye-hydrophicility yayo eqinile, i-CMC ingadlala amandla amahle kakhulu egqoke izigqoko ezisuselwa emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela ngenze ngcono ukuqina kanye nokufana kokuhlanganiswa kwe-coating.

Imboni yokudla: cmc, njengomuntu omkhulu kanye ne-stabilizer, kusetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokudla, njengejelly, u-ayisikhilimu, uswidi nesinkwa. Ekudleni, i-CMC isiza ukuthuthukisa ukuthungwa kanye nokunambitheka komkhiqizo, ngenkathi kuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okufanayo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuthuthukisa ukuhlakazwa.

Amalungiselelo amakhemikhali: Embonini yezemithi, i-CMC isetshenziswa njenge-distrant and stabilizer lapho kulungiswa izidakamizwa eziwuketshezi, ama-gels wezokwelapha, ukumiswa kwamehlo, ukumiswa kwamehlo kanye nokunye ukumiswa kwamehlo. Ukudalulwa kwalo okuhle kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezithako zezidakamizwa futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina kwezidakamizwa ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa.

Imboni yezimonyo: I-CMC nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezimonyo, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni efana nama-lotion, okhilimu, ama-shampoos kanye nama-gels okugeza. Ukungabonakali kwayo kungaqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezithako futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina nokusebenzisa isipiliyoni semikhiqizo.

Iphepha nezindwangu: I-CMC ivame ukusetshenziswa kwinqubo yokukhiqiza iphepha nezindwangu njengomuntu omkhulu kanye ne-distriant ukuthuthukisa amandla kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yephepha. Ehlelweni lokuphrinta nokudaya lwe-Textiles, i-CMC ingasabalalisa udayi kanye nemibala yokuqinisekisa imiphumela yokudaya efanayo.

I-3. Isu Lokusebenziseka kahle lokuhlakazeka kwe-CMC
Ukuze uphinde uthuthukise ukusabalalisa kwe-CMC, amasu alandelayo wokusebenzisa kahle angathathwa:

Lungisa isisindo se-molecular kanye ne-carboxmetylation degree ye-CMC: Ngokulawula isisindo se-molecular kanye ne-carboxymethylation degree ye-CMC, ukungafani kwayo kuzicelo ezahlukahlukene kungalungiswa. Isibonelo, isisindo esiphakeme samangqamuzana kanye nezinga eliphakeme le-carboxymetylitation kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukungafani kwe-CMC kwikhambi lamanzi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants: Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, engeza inani elifanelekile le-surfactants kungathuthukisa ukusabalalisa kwe-CMC, ikakhulukazi lapho kusebenza ngezinto ezingenamanzi kawoyela. Ama-Surfactants anganciphisa ukungezwani kwezinto ezifuywayo futhi akhuthaze ukuhlakazwa kwama-molecule e-CMC.

Ukwenza kahle izimo zokuchithwa: Ukulawulwa okunengqondo kwamazinga wokugembula we-CMC, i-PH VALUE NE-SOLVEN ukuqwashisa kungathuthukisa ukuhlakazwa kwayo. Isibonelo, i-CMC imvamisa ingcono emazingeni okushisa aphansi nezimo ezingathathi hlangothi.

Ukuhlanganisa nabanye abahluphekayo: Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, i-CMC ingahlanganiswa nabanye abahlehlisi ukufezekisa ukuhlakazwa okungcono. Isibonelo, ama-polymers athile aphezulu we-molecular noma imikhiqizo yemvelo ingasebenza ne-CMC ukuthuthukisa ukuhlakazwa kwayo.

I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose inokuhlakazeka okuhle futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzinkungu, ukudla, amakhamishini, izimonyo kanye nezinye izimboni. Ukuchazwa kwalo kuthintwa yizici eziningi ezifana nesisindo se-molecular, degree of carboxymethylation, ivelu ye-pH, amandla ionic kanye nokushisa. Ukuchazwa kwe-CMC kungathuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe ngamasu afanele awenzelela, njengokulungisa isisindo se-molecular futhi kusetshenziswa ama-surfactants. Njengoba izimboni zezimboni ziqhubeka zikhuphuka, ucwaningo luka-CMC luzoqhubeka luyaqhubeka nokujula ukuze luhlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zemikhakha ehlukene.