Ukwakheka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokwenziwa kwezitshalo eziluhlaza, kepha ukwakheka kwawo okuyisisekelo kunomehluko omncane, ikakhulukazi ahlanganiswe ushukela noshukela.

. Izinto ezihlukile zezitshalo zinokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwengxenye ngayinye. Lokhu kulandela ukwethula kafushane izingxenye ezintathu eziphambili zezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo:

I-Cellulose Ether, iLignin neHermicellulose.

1.3 Ukwakhiwa okuyisisekelo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo

1.3.1.1 Iselula

I-Cellulose yi-macromoleculate polysaccharide ehlanganiswe i-D-glucose nge-β-1,4 glycosidic bond. Kudala futhi kuningi kakhulu emhlabeni.

I-polymer yemvelo. Isakhiwo saso samakhemikhali sivame ukumelwa yifomula yesakhiwo saseHalorth Scream Fomula kanye neFomula ye-Comformation ye-Communcration, lapho i-N luyi-degree ye-polysaccharide polymerization.

I-Cellulose carbohydrate Xylan

I-Arabinoxylan

I-Flucuronide Xylan

I-Glucoronide Arabinoxylan

uhlobo lwenhlanzinsinjann

Galatoglucomannan

I-Arabinogalactan

Isitashi, i-pectin nezinye ushukela oncibilikayo

izingxenye ezingezona ze-carbohydrate

ilign

Khipha ama-lipid, ama-liggols, amakhompiyutha e-nitrogenous, amakhompiyutha e-inorganic

I-HemicenLellopose polyhynopose Polygalactose

Ama-Terpenes, ama-resin acid, ama-fatty acid, ama-sterols, amakhompiyutha amnandi, ama-tannins

izitshalo ezibonakalayo

1.4 Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-cellulose

1.3.1.2 Lignin

Iyunithi eyisisekelo yeLignin yiPhenylpropane, esexhunywe ngamabhondi e-CC nama-ether.

Thayipha i-polymer. Esakhiweni sezitshalo, ungqimba lwe-intercellellel luqukethe i-lignin ebaluleke kakhulu,

Okuqukethwe kwe-intracellular kwehle, kepha okuqukethwe kwe-lignin kukhuphuke engxenyeni yangaphakathi yodonga lwesibili. Njengento ye-intercellular, ama-lignin kanye nama-hemifibrils

Ngokubambisana bagcwalisa phakathi kwemicu emihle yodonga lweseli, ngaleyo ndlela baqinise udonga lweseli lwezicubu zezitshalo.

1.5 I-Lignin Izakhiwo Momers, ngokuhleleka: P-Hydroxyylylpropane, i-Guaiacyl Pratene, I-Syringyl Pratene noConiferyl Alcohol

1.3.1.3 I-HemiceLellulose

Ngokungafani ne-lignin, i-hemishellulose iyi-heteropolymer eyakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-monosaccharides. Ngokusho kwalokhu

Izinhlobo zoshukela futhi ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwamaqembu a-acyl zingahlukaniswa nge-glucomannan, i-Arabinosyl (4-O-O-Methyllucurutucironic) -xylan,

I-Galactosyl Glucomannan, 4-O-Methyllucurucironica acid Xylan, Arabinosyl Galactan, njll. In,

Amaphesenti ama-50 wezicubu zezinkuni yi-Xylan, esebusweni be-cellulose microfibrils futhi axhumene nemicu.

Bakha inethiwekhi yamaseli axhumeke ngokuqinile komunye nomunye.

1.4 Injongo yocwaningo, ukubaluleka nokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwalesi sihloko

1.4.1 Inhloso nokubaluleka kocwaningo

Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukukhetha izinhlobo ezintathu ezimele ngokuhlaziywa kwezingxenye zezinto ezithile zezinto ezingavuthiwe.

I-cellulose ikhishwe ezintweni zezitshalo. Khetha i-ejenti etherifisayo efanele, bese usebenzisa i-cellulose ekhishwe esikhundleni sokubuyisela ukotini ukuthi utholwe futhi uguqulwe ukuze ulungiselele i-fiber.

Vitamin Ether. I-ether elungiselelwe elungiselelwe yasetshenziswa ekushicilelweni kwedayi esebenzayo, futhi ekugcineni imiphumela yokuphrinta yaqhathaniswa nokuthola okuningi

I-Cellulose Tathers yama-passes asebenzayo wokuphrinta wakwa.

Okokuqala, ucwaningo lwalesi sihloko luxazulule inkinga yokusebenzisa kabusha nokungcoliswa kwemvelo kokungcola kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezifuywayo ngezinga elithile.

Ngasikhathi sinye, kufakwa indlela entsha emthonjeni we-cellulose. Okwesibili, i-sodium chloropetate engaphansi kangako ne-2-chloroethanol isetshenziswa njengama-ejenti aphenyayo,

Esikhundleni se-chlororosece acid enobuthi kakhulu, i-cellulose ether yalungiswa futhi yasetshenziswa ku-COTCH FAFTRIC PRECIPER PASTE PASTE, kanye ne-sodium alginate

Ucwaningo ezikhundleni ezikhundleni lunezinga elithile lokuholwa, futhi lunokubaluleka okukhulu okusebenzayo kanye nenani lereferensi.

I-Fible Wall Lignin incibilikisa ama-lignin macromolecule ama-cellulose

9

1.4.2 Okuqukethwe kocwaningo

1.4.2.1 Ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose kusuka ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo zezitshalo

Okokuqala, izingxenye zezinto zokwenziwa kwezitshalo ezivuthiwe zilinganiswa futhi zihlaziywa, kanye nezinto ezintathu ezimele izitshalo ezivuthiwe zikhethwe ukukhipha i-fiber.

Amavithamini. Ngemuva kwalokho, inqubo yokukhipha i-cellulose yayisekwe ekwelashweni okuphelele kwe-Alkali ne-Acid. Ekugcineni, UV

I-Spectroscopy yokumunca, i-FTIR ne-XRD babesetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa imikhiqizo.

1.4.2.2 Ukulungiswa kwe-cellulose afes

Usebenzisa uPine Wood Cellulose njengento eluhlaza, yahlelwa nge-alkali ehlanganisiwe, bese kuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-orthogonal kanye nokuhlolwa okukodwa.

Izinqubo zokulungiselela ze-CMC, i-HEC neHecmc zazenzelwe ngokulandelana.

Izimpikiswano ezilungiselelwe ezilungiselelwe zazibonakaliswa yi-FTIR, H-NMR ne-XRD.

1.4.2.3 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether paste

Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose terfers kanye ne-sodium alginate zazisetshenziswa njenge-pastes yasekuqaleni, kanye namanani entengo yokunambitheka, umthamo wokubamba amanzi nokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali kwahlolwa ama-pastes okuqala.

Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zama-pastes amane okuqala aqhathaniswa nenhlonipho nezakhiwo nokuqina kwesitoreji.

Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose izithathane kanye ne-sodium algonate njengo-paste woqobo, lungiselela ukunamathisela umbala wokuphrinta, dlulisa ukuphrinta okusebenzayo okusebenzayo, dlulisa itafula lokuhlola

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezintathuI-Cellulose Afersna-

Ukuphrinta kwezakhiwo ze-sodium alginate.

1.4.3 Amaphoyinti emisha yocwaningo

.

Indlela entsha, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ngezinga elithile, ixazulula inkinga yokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto zokudonswa kwemfucuza kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo; futhi ithuthukise i-fiber

Indlela yokukhishwa.

.

Umdlavuza), njll. Kuyingozi emzimbeni womuntu kanye nemvelo. Kuleli phepha, i-sodium chloroacetate enobungane kakhulu ne-2-chloroethanol isetshenziswa njenge-etherization agents.

Esikhundleni se-chlororoacetic acid ne-ethylene oxide, izithambiso ze-cellulose ziyalungiswa. .

Bukela ku.